4.歌舞地震学

4.Passage Four

Terpsichoseismology

歌舞地震学

【1】The excitement of 70, 000 Swifties can shake the Earth.“Shake, shake, shake, shake”, Taylor Swift sings from the stage of Lumen Field in Seattle at 10.35 in the evening on July 22nd. The fans respond, enthusiastically; the stadium duly shakes; a nearby seismometer takes note.

7万霉粉的狂欢能够撼动地球，“Shake, shake, shake, shake”，7月22日晚10点35分，泰勒·斯威夫特在西雅图流明球场的舞台上唱道。粉丝予以热烈回应，体育场也随之震动。置于一旁的地震仪也监测到了震动。

【2】To pop aficionados “Shake it off” is an empowering up-tempo anthem played at 160 beats per minute. To the Pacific Northwest seismic Network, which is designed to monitor earthquakes, it is a 2.6 hertz signal in which the amplitude of the acceleration was as large as one centimetre per second, per second.

对于流行歌曲乐迷来说， “Shake it off”是一首每分钟有160节拍的高能快节奏歌曲。对用于监测地震活动的“太平洋西北部地震网”来说，演唱会产生了2.6赫兹的信号，其加速度的振幅高达1cm/s2。

【3】 The well-situated(located) seismometer first came to public attention in January 2011, when it recorded the response of fans of the Seattle Seahawks, an American football team, to a magnificent(glorious) touchdown by Marshawn Lynch, a running back known as “Beast Mode”. The “Beast Quake” went down in local sporting history.

摆放位置绝佳的地震仪最初受到公众关注是在2011年1月，在当时的橄榄球比赛中，西雅图海鹰队中号称“野兽模式”的跑卫马肖恩·林奇完成了一个绝妙的达阵（持球越线得分），球队球迷欢呼雀跃，地震仪记录到了当时的反应。 “野兽模式”载入当地体育史。

【4】When Ms Swift came to town for two nights of her Eras tour, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach, a geology professor at Western Washington University, used the opportunity to learn more about how events in the stadium shake its surroundings. On December 11th she presented some of her conclusions at the American Geophysical Union’s autumn meeting in San Francisco.

当斯威夫特来到西雅图进行为期两晚的Eras巡演时，西华盛顿大学地质学家杰奎琳·卡普兰-奥尔巴赫利用这个机会来研究体育场内活动对其周边产生的震动影响。12月11日，她在旧金山的美国地理联盟秋季会议上展示了部分结论。

【5】 In 1985 Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band set the Nya Ullevi stadium in Gothenburg shaking violently enough to alarm some of the audience, and doing enough damage to the structure for further concerts there to be banned.

1985年，布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀和E街乐队在哥德堡新乌利维球场引发的剧烈震动足以让其中一些观众感到恐慌，并给建筑结构带来了严重损坏，导致该场馆后续无法举办演唱会。

【6】This, later analysis found, was not down to the intensity with which Max Weinberg was pounding his drums, though it is an intensity to be reckoned(considered) with. The audience on the pitch was moving at a frequency that resonated with the clay beneath the stadium and parts of the building.

之后的分析发现，这并不是由于马克斯·温伯格敲击鼓的强度引起的，尽管他的鼓点确实强烈，被考虑在内。事实上，球场上的观众以一种与体育场下方黏土产生共振的频率运动，影响了体育场的部分建筑结构。

【7】 Dr Caplan-Auerbach wanted to see whether such resonant amplification(enlargement) might also be at play elsewhere, and to distinguish(differentiate) between the effect of the music itself and the audience’s response. Her concert-night data showed two distinct(different) sets of signals, one in higher frequencies (30-80Hz), one in lower frequencies (1-8Hz).

卡普兰-奥尔巴赫教授希望弄清此类谐振放大现象在别处是否会有影响，并将音乐本身的影响同观众反应的影响进行区分。她在音乐会夜间记录的数据表明有两个不同的信号集，一个为较高频（30-80赫兹），另一个为较低频（1-8赫兹）。

【8】The higher-frequency signals were present during the sound check, when the band were on stage but the stadium empty, and absent during the concerts’ “surprise songs”, played without the band by Ms Swift alone. The lower frequencies were absent when the audience had yet to arrive. Clearly those higher frequencies were from the music itself.

较高频信号在试音期间出现，此时乐队正在舞台上而观众席无人，并在演唱会的“惊喜曲目”演唱时消失，此时由斯威夫特独唱而无乐队伴奏。在观众进场前并无较低频。显而易见，高频信号来自于音乐本身。

【9】The lower frequency signals changed from song to song in line with the tempo of the music; they were clearly driven by the audience’s response rather than a general resonance on the part of the building itself. harmonics above the main signal seem to be down to what is known in signal analysis as the Dirac comb effect, in which repetitive signals at one frequency create harmonics at multiples of that frequency.

低频信号根据曲目不同而变化，与音乐节奏紧密相关，这些信号显然由观众的反应而非建筑物本身部分的总体回声所引发。主信号上方的谐波似乎是由信号分析中所谓的狄拉克梳状效应造成的,即一个频率上的重复信号会在该频率的倍数处产生谐波。

【10】Jordi Díaz and colleagues(co-workers) had suggested as much in their seismic analysis of another Springsteen concert, this one at Camp Nou, in Barcelona, in 2016. But Dr Caplan-Auerbach also suggests that they might in some cases reflect(mirror) fans differing in their interpretations(understands) of the rhythms.

乔迪·迪亚兹及其同事分析了在2016年巴塞罗那诺坎普球场举行的另一场斯普林斯汀演唱会，得出的结论大部分相同。但同时卡普兰-奥尔巴赫教授称，在某些情况下，这些谐波可能反映了歌迷对节奏解读的差异。

【11】The effects of the songs and Ms Swift’s performance, as captured on time-stamped pictures of the event taken by fans like Dr Caplan-Auerbach’s teenage neighbour (cited(mentioned) in her presentation as a co-author), proved highly replicable, though the first-night crowd was a tad more energetic (perhaps they were the more committed set of fans).

卡普兰-奥尔巴赫教授的邻居少年（论文中介绍其为共同作者）等歌迷用带有时间戳的拍摄照片记录演唱活动，结果表明，虽然第一晚的观众更加激动（或许这群歌迷更加忠诚），但歌曲和斯威夫特演出产生的效果很大程度上能够复制。

【12】On both occasions that “Love Story’s” final crescendo reached its peak with the line “Pulled out a ring and said ‘Marry me Juliet’” the oscillations came to a climax(peak) as the singer’s left arm rose in triumph(victory).

两个场次中的《Love Story》歌声末尾渐强并随着歌词“Pulled out a ring and said ‘Marry me Juliet’”达到顶峰，震动也随着歌手左臂以胜利姿态举向天空而达到巅峰。

【13】Overall, the signal was considerably(very) stronger than the original Beast Quake, presumably(perhaps) because the Swifties are co-ordinated by the beat in a way that football fans are not. But differences in audience demographics, and tastes, may provide further insights.

总体来说，此轮信号比最初的“野兽地震”要强烈得多，或许是因为霉粉打节拍时相较于球迷来说更有协调性。但观众结构和品味的差异可能会为研究提供更多的角度。

【14】In August 2024 veteran heavy-metal band Metallica will play the Lumen Field. The seismometer will be waiting to see what a bit of headbanging adds to the mix.

2024年8月，重金属乐队Metallica将在流明球场演出。地震仪将要监测乐迷们的摇头摆动会对结果带来多大影响。