35.AI与癌症

Passage Thirty-Five

AI and Cancer

AI与癌症

【1】AI better than biopsy in assessing(evaluating) some types of cancer, study finds.Artificial intelligence is almost twice as accurate(exact) as a biopsy at judging the aggressiveness of some cancers, according to research that experts(specialists) say could save the lives of thousands.

研究发现，人工智能在评估某些癌症类型时优于活检一项研究显示，人工智能在判断某些癌症侵袭性方面的准确性几乎是活检的两倍，专家称这可以挽救成千上万人的生命。

【2】Cancer kills 10 million people globally every year, according to the World Health Organization. But for millions more patients the disease can be thwarted if detected(discovered) promptly(timely) and dealt with quickly. A key challenge for health workers is to find patients with high-risk tumours and treat them early on.

世界卫生组织的数据显示，全球每年有1000万人死于癌症。但是，如果能及时发现并迅速处理，还有数百万患者的生命可以得到挽救。卫生工作者面临的一个主要挑战是及早发现高危肿瘤患者并给予治疗。

【3】A study by the Royal Marsden NHS foundation trust and the Institute of Cancer Research suggests an AI algorithm was far better than a biopsy at correctly grading the aggressiveness of sarcomas, a rare form of cancer that develops in connective tissues, such as fat, muscle and nerves.

英国皇家马斯登医院和英国癌症研究所的一项研究表明，人工智能算法在正确分级肉瘤的侵袭性方面远优于活检。肉瘤是一种罕见的癌症，发生在脂肪、肌肉和神经等结缔组织中。

【4】Researchers hope AI will improve outcomes for patients by giving clinicians a more accurate way of grading tumours. Because high-grade tumours can indicate(show) aggressive(invasive) disease, the tool could help ensure those high-risk patients are identified(insured) more quickly and treated promptly. Low-risk patients could also be spared unnecessary treatments, follow-up scans and hospital visits.

研究人员希望人工智能可以为临床医生提供更准确的肿瘤分级方法，从而改善患者的预后。高级别肿瘤可能表明疾病具有侵袭性，因此该工具有助于确保更快地识别出高风险患者并及时进行治疗。同时，低风险患者也可以避免不必要的治疗、后续扫描和医院就诊。

【5】Researchers say the algorithm could be applied to other types of cancer in future . Their findings were published in the Lancet oncology journal. The team specifically looked at retroperitoneal sarcomas , which develop at the back of the abdomen and are difficult to diagnose and treat due to their location.

研究人员称，该算法未来可以应用于检测其他类型的癌症。研究结果发表在了《柳叶刀肿瘤学》杂志上。该团队专门研究了腹膜后肉瘤，这种肿瘤病发在腹部后方，由于位置特殊，很难诊断和治疗。

【6】They used CT scans from 170 Royal Marsden patients who had the two most common forms of retroperitoneal sarcoma-leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma .Using data from these scans they created an AI algorithm, which was then tested on 89 patients in Europe and the US. The technology accurately graded how aggressive the tumour was likely to be 82% of the time, while biopsies were accurate in 44% of cases.

他们使用了170名皇家马斯登医院患者的CT扫描结果，这些患者患有两种最常见的腹膜后肉瘤，平滑肌肉瘤和脂肪肉瘤。利用这些扫描数据，该团队创建了一种人工智能算法，然后在欧洲和美国的89名患者身上进行了测试。该技术准确判断肿瘤侵袭程度的准确率为82%，而活检准确率为44%。

【7】AI could also differentiate between leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma in 84% of sarcomas tested, while radiologists were able to tell the difference in 65% of cases. Christina Messiou, the study lead, is a consultant radiologist at the Royal Marsden and a professor in imaging for personalised oncology at the ICR.

在肉瘤测试中，人工智能区分平滑肌肉瘤和脂肪肉瘤的准确率为84%，而放射科医生在病例中分辨出两者区别的准确率为65%。此项研究的负责人克里斯蒂娜·梅斯乌是皇家马斯登医院放射科顾问，也是英国癌症研究所个性化肿瘤成像学教授。

【8】She said: “We’re incredibly excited by the potential of this state-of-theart technology, which could lead to patients having better outcomes through faster diagnosis and more effectively personalised treatment.“As patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma are routinely scanned with CT, we hope this tool will eventually be used globally, ensuring that not just specialist centres - who see sarcoma patients every day-can reliably(responsibly) identify and grade the disease. ”

她说：“我们对这项先进技术的潜力感到无比兴奋，它可以通过更快的诊断和更有效的个性化治疗来改善患者的预后。由于腹膜后肉瘤患者都要接受CT常规扫描，我们希望这一工具最终能在全球范围内得到应用，确保那些并非每天都接诊肉瘤患者的专科中心也能可靠地识别和分级这种疾病。”

【9】The study was funded by the Royal Marsden Cancer Charity, the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), the Wellcome Trust, and the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone sarcoma Group .Richard Davidson, chief executive of sarcoma UK , said the results looked“very promising(hopeful)”.

这项研究是由皇家马斯登癌症慈善机构、美国国家健康与护理研究所（NIHR）、惠康基金会和欧洲癌症研究中心软组织和骨肉瘤小组资助的。英国肉瘤组织首席执行官理查德·戴维森表示，研究结果看起来 “前景广阔”。

【10】He added: “People are more likely to survive sarcoma if their cancer is diagnosed early-when treatments can be effective and before the sarcoma has spread to other parts of the body. One in six people with sarcoma cancer wait more than a year to receive an accurate diagnosis, so any research that helps patients receive better treatment, care, information and support is welcome.

他补充说：“在肉瘤扩散到身体其他部位之前，如果在早期诊断出癌症，治疗可能更有效，那么人们就更有可能战胜肉瘤，存活下来。六分之一的肉瘤患者要等待一年多才能获得准确诊断，因此任何有助于患者获得更好的治疗、护理、信息和支持的研究都是受欢迎的。”