004

Part One

You will hear a conversation between two students about buying a used car. First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 6.

Now let's begin. Answer the questions as you listen. You will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully to the conversation and answer questions 1 to 6.

Jan: Hello, can I speak to Elena, please?

Elena: This is Elena speaking.

Jan: Hi, my name is Jan. I'm calling about the car that was advertised on the notice board in the Student Union building. Is it still for sale?

Elena: Yes, it is.

Jan: Your ad says it's a 1985 Sela in good condition.

Elena: It's old but it has been well looked after. My family has had the car for 10 years. I'm just the third owner, and my mother had it before me, so we know its history. We've got all the receipts and records. It's had regular maintenance, and the brakes were done last year. It runs really well but looks its age.

Jan: Why are you selling it, by the way?

Elena: Well, I'm going overseas next month to study. I'll be away for at least two years, so I have to sell it, unfortunately. It's been a good car.

Jan: You want $1,500, is that right?

Elena: I was asking $2,200, but since I need to sell it quickly, I've reduced the price. Would you like to come and take it for a drive? I don't live far from the university.

Jan: Yes, I'd like to have a look. What time would suit you?

Elena: Anytime this evening is fine.

Jan: Well, I finish classes at 6:00. How about straight after that, say 6:30?

Elena: Great. I'll give you directions. When you leave the main gate of the university, turn left on South Road and keep going until you get to the Grand Cinema. Take the first right, that's Princess Street. I'm at number 88 on the right.

Jan: So it's 80 Princess Street?

Elena: No, it's 88 Princess Street, and the suburb is Parkwood. You'll see the car parked in front; it's the red one with the 'For Sale' sign on it.

Jan: Okay. Thanks, Elena. I'll see you later.

Elena: Bye.

Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 7 to 10.

Later that day at the university, Jan meets up with her friend Sam and tells him about the car.

Jan: Hi, Sam.

Sam: Hey, Jan, what's happening?

Jan: I'm glad I ran into you. I've decided I have to get a car.

Sam: You're going to buy a car? Do you really need one?

Jan: I'd probably still be driving except that my car broke down last year. Instead of getting another one, I just moved closer to the university and went back to riding a bike. Better for the environment, better for my health, and I save a lot of money.

Sam: Did it really cost that much?

Jan: Well, when you think of registration, insurance, rising petrol costs, parking, plus maintenance and repairs, it adds up.

Sam: I know it's going to be expensive, but I really need my own transportation. It takes half an hour by bus each way to university as it is, but now I'm working at night in the city. There's no way I want to hang around waiting for a bus late at night, then walk three blocks home alone.

Sam: Hey, I think you've got a point there. So what kind of car are you looking at?

Jan: It's an '85 Sela, same kind as I used to have. The owner's asking $1,500.

Sam: That's pretty old. How many kilometers has it done?

Jan: You know, I forgot to ask. I'll have to check tonight when I go to see it. Would you be able to come with me to have a look at about 6:30?

Sam: Sure, I'll come, but I don't know a lot about cars. I do know one thing, though. I wouldn't buy an old car without having a mechanic look at it first.

Jan: That's a good idea, but won't it cost a lot?

Sam: Not really. You can get a check done through the Automobile Association for $80, and it comes with a report on the condition of the car. It can save you a lot of money in the long run.

Jan: I'll keep that in mind. So we have to get to Parkwood at 6:30. Do you want to take the bus? It goes straight down South Road every 15 minutes, or maybe we could walk.

Sam: I don't think it's that far. Actually, I could borrow my roommate's motorbike for an hour or so. He's working all evening in the library.

Jan: Do you think he'd mind?

Sam: No way, he owes me a favor or two.

Jan: Okay, great. See you at six outside the student center.

That is the end of Part One. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Part Two

A discussion between a college receptionist, Denise, and a student named VJ about learning a language. In the first part of the discussion, they are talking about the course VJ will study. First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 17.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 17.

Denise: Hello, may I help you?

VJ: Hello. Uh, is this the right place for me to register to study foreign languages?

Denise: Yes, it is. May I have your name, please?

VJ: VJ. My family name is Pares.

Denise: VJ Pares, okay. Do you have a telephone number?

VJ: Yeah, 2467.

Denise: Thank you. Now, which language would you like to learn? We offer French, Italian, Cantonese, Mandarin, Spanish, Portuguese.

VJ: Um, I'd like to learn Spanish, please.

Denise: Okay. Our classes are conducted in lots of different places. We have classrooms in the city and here in this building.

VJ: Oh, what's this building called?

Denise: This is Building A.

VJ: I work near here, so it would be best to study in Building A.

Denise: What time do you want to come to lessons? They go on for three hours and they start at 10:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m.

VJ: I wish I could come to the daytime lessons, but I can't. So 6:00 p.m., please.

Denise: That's our most popular time, of course. Um, have you ever studied Spanish before?

VJ: No, I haven't.

Denise: We describe our classes by level and number. Your class is called Elementary 1.

VJ: Okay. Uh, when will classes start?

Denise: Elementary 1 begins, uh, just a minute, uh, it begins on August 10.

VJ: Great. Now, what else do I have to do?

Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 18 to 20.

Now listen and answer questions 18 to 20.

Denise: I'm sorry, VJ, what were you saying?

VJ: I wanted to know what else I had to do.

Denise: Oh, of course. Please go to the building on the other side of Smith Street. I want you to go to the reception area first. It's just inside the door on the left as you enter from Smith Street. Give them this form.

VJ: Okay. Do I pay my fees there?

Denise: No, but the fees office is in the same building. Go past the escalators and you'll see a games shop. It's in the corner. The fees office is between the games shop and the toilets.

VJ: Thanks. Uh, where can I buy books?

Denise: The bookshop is opposite the lifts. It's right next to the entrance from Robert Street.

VJ: Your offices are spread out.

Denise: Not as badly as they used to be. By the way, we offer very competitive overseas travel rates to our students.

VJ: Oh, I'd like to look into that.

Denise: Of course. The travel agency is at the Smith Street end of the building, in the corner next to the insurance office.

VJ: Thank you very much. Bye.

That is the end of Part Two. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Part Three

You will hear part of a lecture about tourism in the leisure industry. First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 25.

In today's lecture, we'll begin with an overview of the impact of tourism on the societies and cultures of the host area. Then we'll look at some case studies. One model for the sociocultural impact of tourism has been provided by Doxey. You'll find a reference in your reading list. He called his model the "Irridex." That's a contraction of "Irritation Index," and it attempts to show how the attitudes of local people to tourists and tourism change over the years. Doxey identifies four stages.

He calls the first stage "Euphoria." Happiness, because initially the tourists are regarded as a novelty, and because of this, they're welcomed by everyone in the host area. But as well as that, there's another reason for the people in the host community to welcome tourists. Local people realize that tourism brings scope for economic benefits.

As tourist development begins to increase, however, local interest in the visitors becomes "Apathy." That means that some sections of the local population become involved with tourists, while others don't. And it is increasingly the case that commercial rather than social factors are influencing relationships between tourists and the host community. People are less interested in the tourists for their own sake. Doxey calls this stage "Apathy."

If development continues to increase, apathy may change to "Annoyance." What's causing this? Well, development of the tourist area may start to spiral out of control, and this is often accompanied by congestion, which is going to make life difficult for local people. So the policymakers, the government, the local authorities, and so on, provide more infrastructure for the area—more roads, more car parks, and so on—to try to help cope with the influx of tourists. But the lives of the local people are made increasingly difficult.

In the final stage of the model, annoyance has turned to "Antagonism" and open hostility to the tourists. Now, all the detrimental changes to lifestyles in the host area are fairly or unfairly seen as due to the tourists.

Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 26 to 30.

Now listen and answer questions 26 to 30.

Well, this sort of pathway is certainly a fairly good reflection of what happens in some tourist destinations, but Doxey's model has drawn a number of criticisms. The most significant is that it suggests a very negative attitude to the sociocultural effects of tourism. The fact that the model is unidirectional—that it only works in one direction—seems to suggest that decline in the host-visitor relationship is inevitable.

In practice, fortunately, things aren't always quite like that. If you look at real situations, you'll see that the relationships between local people and tourists are rather more complicated and prone to greater variation than this model suggests. So the model is really rather oversimplified.

In fact, studies have highlighted quite a few positive effects of tourism. For example, Doxey's model doesn't look at the effects on the tourists themselves. They may well benefit from increased understanding of the host society and culture.

Then, traditional crafts in the host area may be revitalized because tourism provides new markets, such as the souvenir trade, for example. So instead of these traditional skills being lost, local people are encouraged to develop them. There may also be more long-lasting changes, which actually lead to the empowerment of both groups and individuals in the host area.

For example, tourism creates openings for employment for women, and through giving them a chance to have a personal income, it allows them to become more independent. In addition, because tourism tends to work through a very few languages that have worldwide usage, those working in the tourist industry may be encouraged to acquire new languages. This will empower them by providing wider access to globalized media and improving their job prospects in a wider context.

Right, now we'll take a short break there, and then we'll look at a couple of case studies and see how far the points we've discussed so far apply to them.

That is the end of Part Three. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Part Four

Listen to part of a lecture that an architect is giving about the Millennium Dome. Read the summary below before you listen. First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

Ask why the Millennium Dome is so unpopular, why people are so upset by it. After all, there are ugly buildings all over the world. Blocks of flats and office blocks in every city in the world are truly unpleasant to look at. I'm sure you have plenty of ugly buildings in your city.

However, the important difference is that the Millennium Dome was not constructed quickly and cheaply like some 1950s block of flats. It was built to celebrate a special occasion. It took years of planning and years of construction, and it cost an enormous amount of money—not far off a billion pounds. The Millennium Dome is supposed to be beautiful. It is, however, quite horrible.

It was built to bring one of the world's great cities into the 21st century. Now, less than 10 years later, nobody wants to look at it. I am afraid that it will always be famous for its ugliness.

In the United States, we have our ugly buildings too. The Chicago Public Library is a good example, and The Experience Project Museum in Seattle is awful. But there is something about the Millennium Dome that makes it worse, in my opinion at least. I admit that the design of the building is ambitious, and, of course, it is a great achievement of engineering. However, I'm afraid that for me, that is not enough.

To my mind, the Millennium Dome was and is a huge disappointment. So, what will become of the building now? I understand that it has been bought by a company that hopes to turn it into a venue for entertainment events like shows and concerts. I suppose that considering how much it cost, it is good that it will be used for something. Personally, however, I would prefer to see it pulled down.

That is the end of Part Four. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

第一部分

你将听到两位学生关于购买二手车的对话。首先，你有一些时间查看问题1到6。

现在开始。请在听的过程中回答问题。你将不会再听到这段录音。请仔细听对话并回答问题1到6。

简： 你好，我可以和艾琳娜说话吗？

艾琳娜： 我是艾琳娜。

简： 你好，我叫简。我打电话是关于学生会公告板上广告的那辆车。它还在出售吗？

艾琳娜： 是的，还在。

简： 你的广告说这是一辆1985年的Sela，状况很好。

艾琳娜： 它很旧，但一直保养得很好。我的家人已经拥有这辆车10年了。我是第三任车主，我妈妈之前开过这辆车，所以我们了解它的历史。我们有所有的收据和记录，车子一直做定期保养，刹车去年做过，车子运行得很好，但外观有些老化。

简： 你为什么要卖它呢？

艾琳娜： 噢，我下个月要去国外留学了，我至少要离开2年，所以不得不卖掉它。不幸的是，它一直是辆好车。

简： 你要价1500美元，对吗？

艾琳娜： 我原本要价2200美元，但因为我需要尽快卖掉它，所以我降价了。你想来试车吗？我离学校不远。

简： 好的，我想看看。什么时候方便？

艾琳娜： 今晚任何时间都行。

简： 嗯，我6点下课。大约6:30怎么样？

艾琳娜： 好的，6:30见。我会告诉你怎么走。从学校正门出来，左转到南路，一直走，直到看到大影院。然后右转，那就是公主街。我住在88号，右侧就能看到车子。

简： 所以是80号公主街吗？

艾琳娜： 不，是88号公主街，那个区域叫Parkwood。你会看到车停在前面，是那辆红色的车，上面有“待售”的标志。

简： 好的，谢谢艾琳娜。我待会见。

艾琳娜： 再见。

在你听到对话的其余部分之前，你有一些时间查看问题7到10。

当天晚些时候，简在大学碰到她的朋友山姆，并告诉他关于那辆车的事。

简： 嘿，山姆。

山姆： 嘿，简，发生什么事了？

简： 很高兴遇到你。我决定我得买一辆车了。

山姆： 你要买车？你真的需要一辆车吗？

简： 如果不是去年我的车坏了，我可能还会开车。后来我搬得离学校更近，改回骑自行车了。对环境更好，对我的健康更好，我还能省下很多钱。

山姆： 真得花这么多钱吗？

简： 你想想登记费、保险、油价上涨、停车费，再加上维修和保养，钱花得很快。

山姆： 我知道买车会很贵，但我真的需要自己的交通工具。现在，去学校的公交车每趟要半小时，而且我现在晚上还在城市工作。晚上等公交车等得太久，回家时还得走三条街，我可不想再这样。

山姆： 嘿，我觉得你说得有道理。那么，你打算买什么样的车？

简： 是一辆85年的Sela，和我以前开的差不多。车主要价1500美元。

山姆： 那车也挺旧的，它开了多少公里了？

简： 你知道吗，我忘了问了。今晚去看的时候我得检查一下。你能和我一起去看看吗？大约6:30。

山姆： 当然，我会去的，但我对车了解不多。我倒是知道一件事，我绝对不会在没有让机械师先检查的情况下买老车。

简： 这是个好主意，但不会很贵吧？

山姆： 其实不贵。你可以通过汽车协会做一次检查，费用是80美元，而且会有一份关于车况的报告。这样长期下来可以帮你省很多钱。

简： 我会记住的。那么，我们6:30得到Parkwood，你想坐公交车吗？它每15分钟一班，直接到南路，还是我们可以走过去。

山姆： 我觉得其实走不远。我也可以借我室友的摩托车，借个一小时左右，他今晚都在图书馆工作。

简： 你觉得他会介意吗？

山姆： 当然不会，他欠我几个小忙呢。

简： 好的，那太好了。6点在学生中心见。

这就是第一部分的内容。你现在有半分钟的时间检查你的答案。

第二部分

这是大学接待员丹尼斯和学生VJ讨论学习外语的对话。在对话的第一部分，他们讨论的是VJ将要学习的课程。首先，你有一些时间查看问题11到17。

现在请仔细听并回答问题11到17。

丹尼斯： 你好，有什么我可以帮忙的吗？

VJ： 你好，请问这里是注册学习外语的地方吗？

丹尼斯： 是的。请告诉我你的名字。

VJ： VJ，我的姓是帕雷斯。

丹尼斯： VJ·帕雷斯，好。你有电话号码吗？

VJ： 有，2467。

丹尼斯： 谢谢。那么，你想学哪种语言？我们提供法语、意大利语、粤语、普通话、西班牙语、葡萄牙语。

VJ： 嗯，我想学西班牙语。

丹尼斯： 好的。我们的课程在很多地方开设，我们在市区和这座大楼里都有教室。

VJ： 哦，这座楼叫什么名字？

丹尼斯： 这是A楼。

VJ： 我就在这附近工作，所以在A楼上课最方便。

丹尼斯： 你想什么时候来上课？我们的课程持续3小时，分别在10:00、16:00和18:00开始。

VJ： 我希望能参加白天的课程，但我不能。所以选择18:00吧。

丹尼斯： 那是我们最受欢迎的时间。你以前学过西班牙语吗？

VJ： 没有。

丹尼斯： 我们根据水平和编号来描述课程，你的课程是“初级1”。

VJ： 好的。那么课程什么时候开始？

丹尼斯： 初级1课程开始的时间是……稍等，它从8月10日开始。

VJ： 太好了。还有什么我需要做的吗？

在你听到剩下的对话之前，你有一些时间查看问题18到20。

现在请听并回答问题18到20。

丹尼斯： 抱歉，VJ，你刚才说什么？

VJ： 我想知道我还需要做什么。

丹尼斯： 哦，当然。请到史密斯街对面的楼，先到接待处。接待处就在你从史密斯街进入的左侧门内，给他们这张表格。

VJ： 好的。我需要在那里交费吗？

丹尼斯： 不，但收费处也在同一栋楼里。你通过自动扶梯后会看到一家游戏商店，它就在角落里。收费处就在游戏店和洗手间之间。

VJ： 谢谢。那么，我在哪里可以买书？

丹尼斯： 书店在电梯对面，紧挨着罗伯特街入口。

VJ： 你们的办公室分布得很广。

丹尼斯： 现在比以前好多了。顺便说一下，我们为学生提供非常有竞争力的海外旅行折扣。

VJ： 哦，我想了解一下。

丹尼斯： 当然，旅行社在楼的史密斯街一端，角落里靠近保险公司。

VJ： 非常感谢。再见。

这就是第二部分的内容。你现在有半分钟的时间检查你的答案。

第三部分

你将听到关于休闲产业中旅游的讲座的一部分。首先，你有一些时间查看问题21到25。

现在请仔细听并回答问题21到25。

今天的讲座，我们将首先概述旅游对东道国社会和文化的影响，然后我们将看看一些案例研究。Doxey提供了一个关于旅游社会文化影响的模型，你将在阅读清单中找到参考。他称他的模型为“Irridex”，这是“irritation index”的缩写，旨在展示当地人对游客和旅游的态度如何随时间变化。Doxey将其分为四个阶段。

他称第一个阶段为“欣快期”。这是因为游客最初被看作是一种新奇的事物，因此当地人热烈欢迎他们。此外，当地人还意识到旅游可以带来经济利益。

随着旅游发展逐步增加，当地人对游客的兴趣变得“冷漠”。这意味着当地的部分人群开始与游客接触，而其他人则没有。并且，越来越多的商业因素而非社会因素在影响游客与当地社区的关系。当地人对游客的兴趣减少。Doxey将这个阶段称为“冷漠”。

如果发展继续增加，冷漠可能会转变为“恼怒”。这是怎么回事呢？因为旅游区的开发可能会失控，通常伴随着交通拥堵，这会让当地人的生活变得困难。为了应对游客的涌入，政策制定者、政府和地方当局会为该地区提供更多的基础设施，例如更多的道路和停车场。但当地人生活的困难也随之增加。

在模型的最后阶段，恼怒转变为“敌意”和对游客的公开敌对。此时，所有对当地生活方式的负面变化，无论公正与否，都被认为是游客所带来的结果。

在你听到剩下的讲座之前，你有一些时间查看问题26到30。

现在请听并回答问题26到30。

这种路径肯定在一些旅游目的地中得到了较好的体现，但Doxey的模型也遭到了许多批评。最重要的一点是，它对旅游的社会文化影响持有非常负面的态度。该模型是单向的，也就是说，它仅在一个方向上有效，这似乎暗示着东道国和游客之间的关系必然会恶化。

但实际上，幸运的是，事情并不总是像模型所描述的那样。如果你查看实际情况，你会发现当地人和游客之间的关系比这个模型所描述的要复杂得多，变化也更大。所以这个模型过于简化。

事实上，研究揭示了旅游的一些积极影响。例如，Doxey的模型并没有考虑游客自身的影响。他们可能会因为加深对东道国社会和文化的理解而获益。

此外，东道国的传统手工艺可能因为旅游而得到复兴，因为旅游为当地的纪念品贸易等新市场提供了机会。这样，传统技艺没有消失，当地人反而被鼓励去发展这些技艺。也可能出现更持久的变化，实际上带来东道国群体和个人的赋权。

例如，旅游为女性提供了就业机会，通过让她们获得个人收入，它使她们变得更加独立。此外，由于旅游业通常使用少数几种全球通用的语言，从事旅游行业的人员可能会被鼓励学习新语言。这将赋予他们通过提供更广泛的全球化媒体接入来提升他们的工作前景的能力。

好了，我们暂时休息一下，之后我们将看几个案例研究，看看我们讨论的这些观点是否适用于它们。

这就是第三部分的内容。你现在有半分钟的时间检查你的答案。

第四部分

请听一位建筑师关于千年穹顶的讲座部分。请在听之前阅读下面的总结。首先，你有一些时间查看问题31到40。

现在请仔细听并回答问题31到40。

问：为什么千年穹顶这么不受欢迎？为什么人们对它这么不满？毕竟，世界上有很多丑陋的建筑，世界上每个城市都有丑陋的公寓楼和办公楼。

但重要的区别在于，千年穹顶并不是像某些1950年代的公寓楼那样快速且廉价地建造的，它是为了庆祝一个特殊的场合而建造的。它经历了多年的规划和建设，花费了巨额资金，接近十亿英镑。千年穹顶本应该是美丽的，但它实际上相当难看。

它是为了将这个世界伟大的城市带入21世纪而建造的。然而不到十年后，没人愿意看它。我担心它将永远因为丑陋而出名。

在美国，我们也有丑陋的建筑，芝加哥公共图书馆就是一个例子，西雅图的体验项目博物馆也很糟糕。但千年穹顶有一些让我觉得更糟的地方，至少在我看来，我承认这个建筑的设计非常雄心勃勃，当然也是一项伟大的工程成就。然而，恐怕对我来说，仅仅这些还不足够。

在我看来，千年穹顶曾经是，并且仍然是一个巨大的失望。那么这个建筑现在会怎样呢？我了解到它已经被一家公司买下，希望把它改造成一个用于娱乐活动的场地，比如演出和音乐会。考虑到它花费了这么多钱，能被用来做点什么也好。个人而言，我更愿意看到它被拆除。

这就是第四部分的内容。你现在有半分钟的时间检查你的答案。