you will hear a conversation between a psychiatrist in the medical center of the college and a new student first you have some time to look at questions one to four now listen carefully to the conversation and answer questions one to four hello sit down please thank you now you are a new patient aren't you yes that's right okay so I'd better get some basic details down first right we'll start with your name Martin Hansen do you spell that s-o-n or s-e-n h-a-n-s-e-n okay and you're a first year student yes I am studying Electronics actually ah I hope you enjoy it thanks and your address uh 2805 Hesperian Avenue Hayward 2805 and Hesperian yes that's h-e-s-p-e-r-i-a-n Hayward h-a-y-w-a-r-d and your phone number seven three four two four six five five seven three four two six four five five no you got the six and the four wrong way round it's two four six five five huh sorry right and um when were you born ah the 15th of June 1986 here in New Zealand no I was born in Sydney before you hear the rest of the conversation you have some time to look at questions five to ten now listen to the conversation and answer questions five to ten good so what's your problem well frankly I wonder whether it is a problem I get the blues and it lasts for quite a while I don't know how to yes we all feel sad or get the blues now and again generally our sadness lessons in time and with the support of friends however if the depression leads to difficulty in thinking and greatly disrupts your daily routine it can be evidence of a psychiatric problem what do you feel exactly I always feel sad and worthless I find it hard to fall asleep and wake up early in the morning how long has it lasted nearly half a month do you feel fatigue or loss of energy or you may have lost interest or pleasure in usual activities yes sometimes at first I thought I could overcome it by myself but I failed and I'm so glad that you came here it seems that you are suffering mild depression from your symptoms depression yes I feel depressed sometimes but why would I depression may occur as a result of biochemical changes in the body alcohol amphetamines cocaine and LSD can bring on depression those who have a family history of depression usually have a greater risk of depression sometimes the worrying changes in life can lead to depression see I had a really bad breakup of a love relationship it makes me feel do you think I need some treatment yes antidepressant medications are often used to treat depression if it is serious but I don't suggest them at first because of the side effects I suggest Psychotherapy which can give you support and help you regain control so do I need to come here every day no I will arrange counseling sessions for you which will last 12 to 20 weeks you come here once or twice each week the Psychotherapy is directed at helping you gain insight and understanding about events in your life which may have contributed to your depression with growing Insight you can often learn more effective ways of coping with your feelings and changing your behavior well what can I do to take care of myself well first you should do some physical exercises on a regular basis at least three times a week how is your food do you eat well yes I think so I eat at my home stay family good find a hobby or a positive recreational activity to participate in once or twice a week I know it's difficult for you though when you feel it's hard to overcome the depression come to the counseling session remember ask for help if the load is too heavy to handle yes I'll try so when will my counseling session begin I'm going to arrange that for you that is the end of part one you now have half a minute to check your answers now turns to part two part two you're going to hear a conversation between a student and a driving instructor first look at questions 11 to 14. listen carefully hello I'm going to be your driving instructor today are you ready to begin hi hope you don't mind it's my first time driving a car of course not that's my job I teach people like you how to become a safe and responsible driver so let's begin remember the most important rule of driving Safety First there are some steps to follow first you should put on your seat belts you should always remember to do that in case of an accident or emergency having a seat belt on is of utmost importance okay I have my seatbelt done now what should I do start the car good now make sure that the steering wheel is in the proper position and that your seat is not too far or not too close to the pedals I'm all ready to go should I shift into first gear don't forget to put the parking brake down you don't want to drive with that up oh yeah I almost forgot if I have the parking brake on I won't be able to accelerate yes that's right now put the car in reverse and slowly back out of the parking space good put the car in first gear when should I shift is it better to shift slowly or quickly you can shift whenever you feel is appropriate this means shifting should occur smoothly do not shift too slowly or you will stall shifting too fast will waste gas shifting is simple just remember to 00:08:40 shift smoothly to shift you will have to push the clutch and then push the gas pedal before the broadcast continues look at questions 15 to 20. you will now listen to the second part of the talk remember smoothly is the key to good shifting like this yes that's good now keep it slow don't drive very fast just yet be sure to constantly check your mirrors for oncoming traffic always be aware of everything that is around you including three important things remember these three people crossing the streets other cars and bicycles riding next to you what should I do if I see a yellow light well it's always better to break instead of trying to run it but if you're traveling at a speed where it's impossible to stop in time then you should try to make it across the intersection but remember you should always try to stop it's the safest way to avoid an accident even if I have to break very suddenly yes even if you have to break suddenly what about if a driver behind me is going a lot faster than I am you should always be ready to move to a slower Lane If a driver behind you is forcing you to go faster than you are comfortable with never try to speed up to accommodate a faster driver you could risk an accident or a speeding ticket it's better to let him go that sounds like good advice be careful there is a sharp turn up ahead remember to break before turns otherwise you might flip over if your speed is too high going into a turn got it I know that I should always try to observe all Traffic Safety that's right if safety is not your first priority it will make driving very dangerous for you and other drivers on the road okay park the car here you did a great job today for your first day I'll see you in three days thanks so much I will see you then that is the end of part two you now have half a minute to check your answers now turns to part three part three you will now hear a radio talk on agricultural regulations first you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25. now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 25. could there be clearer proof of the arrogance and indifference of those who are supposed to keep our food safe than the muzzling of John verrel agriculture is a business true and businesses have to make money but this shows how ministers and officials put the profits of the agriculture business before the well-being of the British people Mr veryl a pharmaceutical chemist was appointed to represent consumers on one of the many committees that advise the government on food safety when he tried to do his job though and wanted to warn Ministers of a danger to Children's Health he was refused permission to do so the danger comes from hormones given to cattle in the USA and some other countries to make them grow faster they speed up the animal's development to maturity thus making meat production more profitable there have however long bean fears that the hormones have horrendous effects on the people who eat them causing diseases as serious as cancer once these hormones were used on British cattle too but over 20 years ago they were banned in Europe for being too dangerous indeed so concerned is the European Union that it banned Imports of hormone-fed beef years ago much to the fury of the U.S government which wants to sell it all over the world several years ago the USA and Canada asked the World Trade Organization to declare the ban illegal and to punish Europe for failing to lift it the WTO with its long record of refusing to let environmental or safety concerns interfere with trade agreed imposing fines of more than 120 million dollars a year on the EU for its refusal to back down the British government now backs the Americans claiming that there is no proof that hormone-fed beef does any harm this is where Mr veryl comes in he is very angry with the government especially as their claim comes out just after a Danish study shows that growth hormones are 200 times more dangerous than was previously thought worried by these findings Mr veryl spoke to government Representatives who did nothing before you hear the rest of the talk you have some time to look at questions 26 to 30. now listen and answer questions 26 to 30. not only that but they have not been testing beef which is imported which by law they are required to do this directly affects the British public as about 40 of the beef British people eat comes from abroad supposedly from countries like Brazil which does not allow the use of growth hormones Brazilian beef is stocked by some British supermarkets and widely used in catering yet when a Brazilian Farm was recently visited by EU inspectors a large stockpile of this banned substance was found this is not the first food Scandal we have had in our country take the present concern over a well-known Chocolate Company several months ago the company found out that its Suites were contaminated with a rare form of salmonella but they did nothing about it leaving their Suites in the shops to be bought by the unsuspecting public it was not until five months later when several children had suffered food poisoning that the chocolate bars were removed from the shelves it makes you wonder how many other dangerous foods have been allowed onto our plates that is the end of part three you now have half a minute to check your answers now turns to part four part four you're going to listen to a talk about tea in the UK first you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40. now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40. during the 1930s was a popular song which had the title everything stops with tea and to millions of British people a restful Cuppa is still an ideal way to relax for a few minutes from the rigors of the day the English custom of drinking tea has its roots in the 17th and 18th centuries when first imported to Britain the Exotic cha cha or cha as a Chinese tea was variously called was considered a man's drink to be enjoyed with colleagues at London coffee shops these were popular meeting places for many walks of life politicians lawyers poets actors and writers many London clubs began in this manner and the famous Lloyd's Insurance Underwriters started out as Lloyd's Coffee House in 1706 the first coffee house had offered tea was Tom's Coffee House owned by Thomas Twining he realized that he needed to introduce and added attraction to compete with the many other coffee houses in London and tea was rare exotic and extremely expensive with these credentials tea became an exclusive drink and enabled Twining to open a tea shop under the sign of the Golden Lion in the Strand by the 18th century the ladies of the more affluent classes were going China made using tea as an excuse for displaying their extravagant purchases of Chinese porcelain and Dresden tea sets a comprehensive tea tray would consist of a teapot and stand teacups and sauces Sugar Bowl milk jug and Basin for discarded tea and tea leaves tea was still expensive and kept in locked tea caddies skilled Craftsmen fashioned caddies have carved inlaid Woods fitted with Crystal and precious metals to ensure the servants were tempted by this Priceless commodity the caddy was kept locked and only the Mistress of the house held the key and prepared tea when guests came to visit no well brought up young English woman could consider herself socially acceptable unless she knew how to brew a proper cup of tea as the 18th century progressed changes in Commerce and working hours resulted in the main meal of the day being taken much later in the evening the prospect of lasting from breakfast until evening did not appeal to The Duchess of Bedford who is usually credited with being the first to alleviate late afternoon hunger pangs by introducing a small four o'clock meal served with tea with time the light wafer thin toast or delicate white bread gave way to Exotic fillings like tomato and egg cucumber chicken or potted shrimps followed by buttered scones crumpets or Elegant Pastries the popularity of tea continued to spread but it was not until 1839 that the first shipment of smt Indian tea was landed in Britain a healthy trade with India was soon established and tea Clippers like the Cutty sack now a museum in a dry dock at Greenwich we're reaching the peak of their sailing days in 1879 the first limited shipments of Salon tea began to arrive and by 1880 this had been firmly established alongside Indian and China teas giving the broad range of teas that are available today there have been few changes in three centuries of tea Trading London is still the center and indeed Twining still has a shop on the site of the original Tom's coffee house at 216 The Strand the name Twining has been linked with tea for over 280 years indeed it was Richard Twining in his capacity as chairman of the dealers of tea who in 1784 persuaded Prime Minister William Pitt to reduce the high tax on T making the beverage more accessible to the General Public is the end of part four you now have half a minute to check your answers 首先,你有时间看一下问题一到四。现在仔细听这段对话并回答问题一到四。你好,请坐。谢谢。现在,你是新病人,对吧?是的,没错。好的,那我最好先记下一些基本信息。好的,我们先从你的名字开始。马丁·汉森。你的姓是写作s-o-n还是s-e-n?是H-A-N-S-E-N。好的,你是一年级学生对吧?是的,我实际上是学电子的。啊,希望你喜欢。谢谢。你的地址是?嗯,2805赫斯珀里安大道,海沃德。2805和赫斯珀里安。是的,那是H-E-S-P-E-R-I-A-N,海沃德H-A-Y-W-A-R-D。你的电话号码是?734246557。73426455。不,你把6和4搞反了,是24655。啊,抱歉。对了,你什么时候出生的?啊,1986年6月15日。在新西兰这里吗?不,我是在悉尼出生的。在你听到对话的其余部分之前,你有时间看问题五到十。现在听这段对话并回答问题五到十。好的,那你有什么问题?坦白说,我不知道这算不算一个问题。我觉得情绪低落,而且持续了相当长的时间。我不知道怎么办,是的,我们都会时不时感到悲伤或情绪低落,通常情绪会随着时间和朋友的支持而减轻。然而,如果抑郁导致思维困难并严重干扰你的日常生活,那可能是精神疾病的证据。你到底是什么感觉?我总是感觉悲伤和无价值,我很难入睡,而且早上很早就醒来。这持续了多久?差不多半个月了。你感觉疲劳或精力丧失,或者你可能对平时的活动失去了兴趣或乐趣?是的,有时候。起初我以为我可以自己克服,但我失败了。我很高兴你来到这里。从你的症状看,你似乎患有轻度抑郁症。抑郁症?是的,我有时会感到抑郁。但为什么会抑郁呢?抑郁可能是由身体的生化变化引起的,酒精、苯丙胺、可卡因和LSD都可以引发抑郁。那些有抑郁症家族史的人通常患抑郁症的风险更大。有时生活中的令人担忧的变化可以导致抑郁。看,我有一次糟糕的恋爱关系破裂,它让我感到,你认为我需要一些治疗吗?是的,如果情况严重,通常会使用抗抑郁药物来治疗抑郁症,但我不建议一开始就使用,因为副作用。我建议心理治疗,可以给予你支持,并帮助你重新掌控。那我需要每天来这里吗?不,我会为你安 排咨询会议,持续12到20周,你每周来这里一到两次。心理治疗旨在帮助你洞察和理解生活中可能导致你抑郁的事件,随着洞察力的增长,你通常可以学到更有效的应对情绪和改变行为的方法。那我该怎么照顾自己呢?首先,你应该定期进行一些体育锻炼,每周至少三次。你的饮食怎么样?你吃得好吗?是的,我想是的,我在寄宿家庭吃饭。好的,找一个爱好或每周一到两次参与的积极的休闲活动。我知道这对你来说很难,当你觉得很难克服抑郁时,来参加咨询会议。记住,如果负担太重,要求帮助。是的,我会尽力的。那我的咨询会议什么时候开始?我会为你安排的。这是第一部分的结尾,你现在有半分钟的时间检查你的答案。现在转到第二部分,第二部分你将听到一位学生和一位驾驶教练之间的对话,首先看问题11到14。仔细听。你好,我今天将是你的驾驶教练。你准备好开始了吗?嗨,希望你不介意,这是我第一次开车。当然不,那是我的工作。我教像你这样的人如何成为安全负责的驾驶员。那么我们开始吧,记住驾驶的最重要规则:安全第一。有一些步骤要遵循,首先你应该系上安全带。你应该始终记住这一点,以防发生事故或紧急情况。系安全带至关重要。好的,我已经系好安全带了,现在我应该做什么?启动车辆。好的,现在确保方向盘位置正确,你的座椅距离踏板不是太远也不是太近。我已经准备好出发了。我应该挂上一档吗?别忘了放下手刹,你不想带着手刹开车。哦,是的,我差点忘了,如果我拉着手刹,我将无法加速。是的,没错。现在把车挂倒档,慢慢地倒出停车位。好的,把车挂上一档。我什么时候应该换档?是慢慢换档好,还是快速换档好?你可以在你觉得合适的时候换档,这意味着换档应该平滑进行。不要换得太慢,否则你会熄火。换得太快会浪费汽油。换档很简单,只需记住要平滑地换档。要换档,你需要踩下离合器,然后踩下油门。在广播继续之前,看问题15到20。你现在将听到讲话的第二部分,记住,平滑是良好换档的关键。像这样,对吗?是的,很好。现在保持慢速,不要马上开得很快。一定要不断检查你的后视镜,注意来车。始终要注意 你周围的一切,包括三件重要的事情:记住这三件事——过马路的行人、其他汽车和你旁边骑自行车的人。如果我看到黄灯该怎么办?最好是刹车,而不是试图闯过去,但如果你的速度让你无法及时停下来,那么你应该尝试穿过十字路口。但记住,你应该始终尝试停下来。这是避免事故的最安全方式,即使我必须突然刹车。是的,即使你必须突然刹车。如果后面的司机开得比我快怎么办?你应该随时准备换到更慢的车道。如果后面的司机迫使你开得比你舒服的速度快,永远不要试图加速来迎合更快的司机。你可能会冒险发生事故或得到超速罚单。最好让他先走。这听起来像是个好建议。小心,前面有个急转弯。记住在转弯前刹车,否则如果你进弯时速度太高,你可能会翻车。明白了,我知道我应该始终尝试遵守所有交通安全规则。没错,如果安全不是你的首要任务,你和路上的其他司机的驾驶将非常危险。好的,把车停在这里。你今天表现很好,对于你的第一天来说。三天后见。非常感谢,那时候见。这是第二部分的结尾,你现在有半分钟的时间检查你的答案。现在转到第三部分,第三部分你将听到一次关于农业法规的广播讨论,首先你有时间看问题21到25。现在仔细听并回答问题21到25。还有比那些应该保证我们食品安全的人的傲慢和冷漠更明确的证据吗?他们封口了约翰·弗雷尔。农业是一门生意,这是真的,生意必须赚钱,但这显示了部长和官员是如何将农业业务的利润置于英国人民的福祉之前。弗雷尔先生是一名药剂化学家,被任命为政府食品安全咨询委员会之一的消费者代表。然而,当他试图履行职责并想要警告部长们儿童健康的危险时,他被拒绝允许这样做。这种危险来自于在美国和其他一些国家给牛注射激素以促使它们更快成长,这些激素加速动物成熟,从而使肉类生产更有利可图。然而,长期以来一直有担忧,认为这些激素对食用它们的人有可怕的影响,导致严重疾病,如癌症。这些激素曾经也用于英国牛只,但20多年前,由于太危险而在欧洲被禁用。实际上,欧盟非常关注,多年前就禁止了激素饲养的牛肉进口,这让美国政府非常愤怒,因为它想在全球销售。几年前,美国和加拿大要 求世界贸易组织宣布禁令违法,并惩罚欧洲因未能取消禁令。世界贸易组织长期以来一直拒绝让环境或安全顾虑干扰贸易,同意了,对欧盟施加了超过1亿2千万美元的罚款,因为它拒绝让步。英国政府现在支持美国人,声称没有证据表明激素饲养的牛肉有害。这就是弗雷尔先生介入的地方。他对政府非常生气,特别是因为他们的声称是在丹麦的一项研究显示,生长激素的危险性是之前认为的200倍后不久发表的。弗雷尔先生对这些发现感到担忧,他曾与政府代表交谈过,但他们什么也没做。在你听到讨论的其余部分之前,你有时间看问题26到30。现在听并回答问题26到30。不仅如此,他们还没有对进口的牛肉进行检测,而按照法律,他们是有义务这样做的。这直接影响了英国公众,因为大约40%的英国人食用的牛肉来自国外,据说来自像巴西这样不允许使用生长激素的国家。巴西牛肉被一些英国超市供应,并广泛用于餐饮业,然而,当一个巴西农场最近被欧盟检查员访问时,发现了一大批这种被禁用物质的存货。这不是我们国家发生的第一起食品丑闻。拿目前对一家著名巧克力公司的担忧来说,几个月前,该公司发现其糖果被一种罕见的沙门氏菌污染,但他们没有采取任何措施,让他们的糖果继续留在商店里被毫不知情的公众购买。直到五个月后,当几个孩子患上食物中毒后,这些巧克力才从货架上撤下。这让你不禁想知道,还有多少其他危险的食品被允许放到我们的餐盘上。这是第三部分的结尾,你现在有半分钟的时间检查你的答案。现在转到第四部分,第四部分你将听到一场关于英国茶的讲座,首先你有时间看问题31到40。现在仔细听并回答问题31到40。在1930年代,有一首流行歌曲,标题是“一切都随茶停止”,对数百万英国人来说,一杯令人放松的茶仍然是从一天的严峻中暂时放松的理想方式。英国饮茶的习惯起源于17世纪和18世纪,当时茶第一次被引进英国,这种来自中国的异国茶叶被各种称呼,被认为是男人的饮料,在伦敦的咖啡馆与同事一起享用。这些是许多行业人士的热门聚会场所,政治家、律师、诗人、演员和作家都会去那里。许多 伦敦俱乐部就是这样开始的,而著名的劳埃德保险承销商最初是作为劳埃德咖啡馆在1706年开始的。第一个提供茶的咖啡馆是汤姆咖啡馆,由托马斯·特温宁拥有,他意识到他需要引进一种新的吸引力来与伦敦的许多其他咖啡馆竞争,而茶是稀有的、异国的且极其昂贵的。凭借这些特点,茶成为了一种独家饮料,使特温宁能够在斯特兰德的金狮子标志下开设一家茶店。到了18世纪,更富裕阶层的女士们开始使用茶作为炫耀她们购买的昂贵中国瓷器和德累斯顿茶具的借口。一套全面的茶托包括一个茶壶和底座、茶杯和碟子、糖碗、牛奶壶和用于丢弃茶叶的盆。茶仍然很贵,被存放在锁住的茶叶盒中,精巧的工匠用雕刻镶嵌的木材制作茶叶盒,配有水晶和贵重金属,以确保仆人们不会被这珍贵的商品诱惑。茶叶盒被锁上,只有房子的女主人持有钥匙并在有客人来访时准备茶。没有一个受过良好教育的年轻英国女性可以认为自己在社交上可接受,除非她知道如何冲泡一杯正确的茶。随着18世纪的进展,商业和工作时间的变化导致一天的主餐被推迟到晚上进行。从早餐持续到晚上的前景并不吸引人,贝德福德公爵夫人通常被认为是第一个通过在下午四点引入小型餐点来缓解下午晚些时候的饥饿感的人,配以茶。随着时间的推移,轻薄的薄烤面包片或精致的白面包让位于像番茄和鸡蛋、黄瓜、鸡肉或罐装虾这样的异国风情馅料,随后是涂了黄油的烧饼、英式松饼或精美的糕点。茶的普及继续扩散,但直到1839年,第一批印度茶在英国上岸,很快就与印度建立了健康的贸易关系,像Cutty Sark这样的茶快船现在是格林威治一个干船坞的博物馆,达到了它们航海的巅峰时期。1879年,第一批有限的锡兰茶开始抵达,到1880年,这已经与印度和中国茶牢固地建立在一起,提供了今天可用的广泛茶叶范围。在茶贸易的三个世纪中几乎没有变化,伦敦仍然是中心,事实上,特温宁仍然在原始汤 姆咖啡馆的地点,即斯特兰德216号开有一家店。特温宁的名字与茶联系了超过280年,实际上是理查德·特温宁以他作为茶商的身份,在1784年说服首相威廉·皮特降低高额的茶税,使这种饮料更容易被普通公众接受。[音乐]这是第四部分的结尾,你现在有半分钟的时间检查你的答案。 |
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