新高级阅读前（双语）70（1050）

PASSAGE SEVENTY

Choosing the Right Resolution

1.Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.

2.To reach our goal of losing weight—the output, we need to control what we eat—the input. That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.  

3.This is a bad way to construct goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” 

4.Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.

5.Recently a new science behind incentives, including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. 

6.In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. 

7.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output.

8.Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not know how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” 

9.Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control. As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. 

10.And it’s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do. If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a café, for example. 

11.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. 

12.Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday. In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.

第七十篇

选择正确的决心

1.2014年伊始，数百万美国人的决心和2013年一样，那就是减肥。然而，把减肥作为一个目标是错误的。

2.为了达到减肥的目标，输出，我们需要控制我们吃的东西，输入。也就是说，我们倾向于关心输出，而不是控制输入。

3.这不是一种构建目标的好方法。另一种方法是将分辨率集中在输入上。与其下定决心减肥，不如试试可行的决心:“我将不再吃甜点当午餐”，或者“我将每天步行20分钟”。

4.创建一个专注于明确输入的目标可能比专注于结果更有效。

5.最近，包括教育在内的激励机制背后的一门新科学得到了讨论。例如，研究人员罗兰·弗莱尔想看看什么能最有效地激励孩子在学校表现得更好。

6.在某些情况下，他根据输入给学生奖励，比如阅读某些书籍，而在其他情况下，奖励是基于输出，比如考试成绩。

7.他的主要发现是，当激励基于投入而对产出没有影响时，激励会提高成就。

8.弗莱尔的结论是，强化输入可能更有效，因为除了“努力学习”这样的一般规则外，不知道如何在考试中取得更好的成绩。

9.另一方面，阅读某些书是一项他们有更多控制权的任务。只要你能直接控制你的目标，你就有更高的成功机会。

10.如果你失败了，你更容易重新开始，因为你清楚地知道你需要做什么。例如，如果你想减少开支，一个好的目标是早上在家煮咖啡，而不是去咖啡馆。

11.这是一个明确的基于行动的目标，你可以很容易地衡量你的成功。少花钱不是一个目标，因为它太笼统了。同样，如果你想花更多的时间和家人在一起，不要止步于这个普遍的愿望。

12.想一个你可以养成并坚持的可行习惯，比如每周三全家一起看电影。从长远来看，这些新目标可能会成为一种习惯。