2.Love and logic(Part Ⅱ)(594)

Ninth grade rewrite

Love and logic

Part Ⅱ

【1】Max, a law student, had his first date with Polly, a girl he found quite charming. He wanted to assess how much effort it would take to elevate her thinking to his standards. They went to dinner and a movie, and Polly enjoyed everything, but Max realized she needed to learn more about logical thinking.

【2】Max decided to teach Polly logic, a subject he was studying himself. He took her to the Knoll, a campus meeting spot, and they sat under an oak tree. He began by explaining that logic is the science of clear thinking and that recognizing logical fallacies is crucial.

【3】Max introduced the fallacy "Dicto Simpliciter," which is making a general statement without considering exceptions. For example, saying "Exercise is good" is not always true, as it depends on individual health conditions.

【4】Polly was intrigued and eager to learn more. Max then explained "Hasty Generalization," which is making a quick judgment based on too few examples. He used the example of assuming no one at the university can speak French based on a few individuals' inability to do so.

【5】Max continued with "Post Hoc," the fallacy of assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second. He used the example of blaming someone for rain during a picnic.

【6】Polly was excited and asked for more. Max explained "Contradictory Premises," which is when two statements cannot both be true at the same time. He used the example of whether God can create a stone too heavy for Him to lift.

【7】Polly was confused but intrigued. Max explained that when premises contradict each other, there can be no valid argument. He used the example of an irresistible force and an immovable object.

【8】Max decided to continue the next evening. He taught Polly about "Ad Misericordiam," which is when someone appeals to pity instead of providing a valid argument. He gave an example of a job applicant who talks about his family instead of his qualifications.

【9】Polly was moved and cried, but Max explained that the man didn't answer the question about his qualifications. He then taught her about "False Analogy," which is when you compare two things that are not really alike. He used the example of students using textbooks during exams, which is different from doctors using X-rays during surgery.

【10】Polly thought it was a good idea, but Max explained that students are tested to see what they know, not to be guided by textbooks.

【11】Max then taught Polly about "Hypothesis Contrary to Fact," which is when you make a statement based on something that didn't happen. He used the example of Madame Curie and radium, saying that maybe someone else would have discovered it.

【12】Polly was distracted by thoughts of a movie star, but Max reminded her to focus. He then taught her about "Poisoning the Well," which is when someone says something bad about someone else before they can speak. He gave an example of a debate where one person calls the other a liar before they can say anything.

【13】Polly understood and was proud of herself. Max was happy that Polly was learning and told her to think, examine, and evaluate. He asked her to review everything they had learned, and Polly was ready to learn more.

九年级改写

爱情与逻辑

第二部分

【1】马克斯是一名法律系学生，他和波莉第一次约会，他觉得这个女孩很迷人。他想评估一下，要把她的思想提高到他的标准，需要付出多少努力。他们一起吃饭，一起看电影，波莉喜欢一切，但马克斯意识到她需要学习更多的逻辑思维。

【2】马克斯决定教波莉逻辑，这是他自己正在学习的一门学科。他带她去了小丘，一个校园聚会的地方，他们坐在一棵橡树下。他首先解释说，逻辑是清晰思维的科学，认识逻辑谬误是至关重要的。

【3】马克斯引入了“简单判断”谬论，即不考虑例外情况而作一般陈述。例如，说“锻炼有益”并不总是正确的，因为这取决于个人的健康状况。

【4】波莉很感兴趣，渴望了解更多。马克斯接着解释了“草率概括”，即根据太少的例子做出快速判断。他举了一个例子，假设大学里没有人会说法语，因为有几个人不会说法语。

【5】马克斯接着说了“事后事件”，这是一种假设，因为一个事件发生在另一个事件之后，所以第一个事件导致第二个事件。他举了野餐时因为下雨而责怪别人的例子。

【6】波莉很兴奋，要了解更多。马克斯解释了“矛盾前提”，即两个陈述不能同时为真。他举例说，上帝是否能造出一块太重的石头，使他举不起来。

【7】波莉很困惑，但又很感兴趣。马克思解释说，当前提相互矛盾时，就不可能有有效论证。他以不可抗拒的力量和不可移动的物体为例。

【8】马克斯决定第二天晚上继续。他教波莉什么是“诉诸怜悯”，也就是某人诉诸同情，而不是提供有效的论据。他举了一个求职者的例子，他谈论他的家庭而不是他的资历。

【9】波莉感动得哭了起来，但马克斯解释说，那个人没有回答关于他资格的问题。然后他教她“错误类比”，也就是你比较两个并不完全相似的事物。他举例说，学生在考试时使用课本，这与医生在手术时使用x光不同。

【10】波莉认为这是个好主意，但马克斯解释说，学生考试是为了看看他们知道些什么，而不是受教科书的指导。

【11】然后马克斯教波莉“与事实相反的假设”，也就是你根据没有发生的事情做出一个陈述。他以居里夫人和镭为例，说也许其他人会发现它。

【12】波莉因为想到一个电影明星而心烦意乱，但马克斯提醒她集中注意力。然后，他教她什么是“毒害水井”，也就是一个人在说话之前说了别人的坏话。他举了一个辩论的例子，其中一个人在说话之前就说另一个人是骗子。

【13】波莉明白了，并为自己感到骄傲。麦克斯很高兴波莉在学习，并告诉她要思考、检查和评估。他让她复习他们学过的所有东西，波莉准备学更多的东西。