2. Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction

Concept Explanation:
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction quantifies the induced EMF in a circuit due to a changing magnetic flux. It states that the EMF induced in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit.

Mathematical Formulation:
Faraday's Law is given by:
EMF = -dΦ_B/dt
where:
- EMF is the induced electromotive force,
- Φ_B is the magnetic flux.

In the case of a coil with N turns, the formula becomes:
EMF = -N × dΦ_B/dt

Example Problem:
A coil with 100 turns experiences a change in magnetic flux of 0.05 Wb (Weber) over a time interval of 0.1 seconds. Calculate the induced EMF.

Solution:
Using Faraday's Law:
EMF = -N × dΦ_B/dt
EMF = -100 × 0.05/0.1 = -50 V
The magnitude of the induced EMF is 50 V.