5.鲁宾逊漂流记（节选）（4240）

5鲁宾逊漂流记（节选）

梗概

1.从前，有一个叫鲁滨逊的英国人，他喜欢航海和冒险，到过世界上很多地方，碰到过许多危险，但他一点儿也不畏惧，希望走遍天涯海角。

2.有一次，鲁滨逊乘船前往非洲，途中遇上大风，船严重受损，同伴们在乘小艇逃生时都死在海里，只有他一个人被大浪冲到海岛边。

3.这是一个无名的、没有人居住的荒岛，到处是乱石野草。他又累又饿，心里想：流落到这种地方，怎样活下去呢？

4.等到潮水退了，鲁滨逊看到那大船竟然还浮在海面上，离岸并不远。

5.他就找了一些木头做成木筏，划到船边。

6.在船舱里，鲁滨逊找到很多可以用、可以吃的东西，陆续搬到岸上。

7.没有淹死的一条狗、两只猫陪着他，这使他在凄凉中感到一丝安慰。

8.鲁滨逊走遍荒岛，在山坡上选择了一块有水源、可以防御野兽的地方，用木头和船帆搭起一座简陋的帐篷。

9.那儿可以看到海面，他希望瞧见过往的船只，以便请求救援。

10.鲁滨逊在岛上定居下来，过着寂寞的生活。

11.船上搬下来的食物越来越少，要想活下去，就得想办法。

12.他每天要么拿着枪，带着狗到森林里去打猎，要么到海边去捕鱼，还把捕到的活山羊畜养起来。

13.后来他竟有了成群的山羊，可以常喝羊奶，吃羊肉。

14.鲁滨逊从船上搬来的东西里还有一些麦子，由于被老鼠啃过了，他就随意把它们丢撒在地上，没想到不久竟长出了嫩芽，后来又结出了穗子。

15.他用这点儿麦种反复种收，到了第四年，终于吃到了自己种的粮食。

16.很多年过去了。

17.有一天，鲁滨逊忽然发现海边沙滩上出现了人的脚印。18.他惊恐万分，猜想这一定是附近的野人留下来的。

19.他担心这些野人会来吃掉他，于是在住所前的空地上密密麻麻地插上树枝作防御，又把羊分在几个地方圈养。

20.他在这种不安的心情下又生活了两年。

21.后来，鲁滨逊再一次看到野人留下的生火的痕迹和满地的人骨，他不由得联想到他们野蛮的宴会。

22.鲁滨逊在恐惧之中开始考虑怎样对付这些可能出现的野人。

23.又过了几年，有一天，鲁滨逊看到三十多个野人乘着小木船上了岸。

24.他们拖出两个倒的同伴，杀了其中一个人，另一个则挣扎着逃跑。

25.他逃的方向正是鲁滨逊住所的方向。

26.鲁滨逊决心救下这个逃跑的野人，于是开枪打死了追赶他的两个野人。

27.他给救下的野人取名“星期五”。

28.“星期五”很快成了他的好帮手，他们愉快地生活在岛上，扩大了粮食种植面积，又增加了几个羊圈，晒了很多葡萄干。

29.鲁滨逊差不多淡忘了要回到英国、回到文明社会的想法。

30.有一天清晨，鲁滨逊被“星期五”喊醒，原来，有一艘英国船只正在附近停泊着。

31.他发现这艘船上发生了叛乱，水手们绑架了船长。

32.鲁滨逊和“星期五”救出了船长，船长愉快地答应带他们回英国去。

33.在荒岛上度过了二十八年后，鲁滨逊终于回到了英国。

节选

1.我现在处在一个令人忧伤的、没有言语交流的生活场景中，也许这种生活在世界上是前所未有的。

2.但我必须接受这种生活，并且天一天过下去。

3.根据我的估算，我是在9月30日登上了这个荒无人烟的岛。

4.当时正是秋分前后，太阳正好在我的头顶上，所以我估计自己是在北纬9度22分的地方。

5.在岛上待了十一二天以后，我忽然想到，由于没有本子、笔和墨水，我将没法估算日子，甚至分不清休息日和工作日。

6.为了避免这种情况，我用刀子在一根大木杆上刻了一些字，并把它做成一个大十字架，竖在我第一次登岸的地方，上面刻着：“1659年9月30日，我在这里登岸。”

7.在这根方木杆的侧面，我每天用刀子刻一道痕，每第七道刻痕比其他的长一倍，每月第一天的刻痕再长一倍，这样我就有了日历。

8.我几次到船上去，取出了许多东西。

9.有几件虽然不值什么钱，对我来说却很有用，比如笔、墨水，还有纸，在船长、大副、炮手和木匠保管的物品中找到的几个包裹、三四个罗盘、几台数学仪器，还有日晷、望远镜、地图和航海类的书籍。

10.我把它们一股脑堆在起，以备不时之需。

11.还要提到的是，我们的船上有一条狗和两只猫。

12.那两只猫是我带上岸的；至于那条狗，是在我带着第一批货上岸的第二天，它自己从船上跳出来，游上岸到我这儿来的，在以后的许多年里是我可信任的役。

13.我不稀罕它给我弄来什么东西，也不稀罕它同我做伴，我只需要它同我聊聊天，但是它却办不到。

14.找到了笔、墨水和纸之后，我尽最大的可能节省使用。

15.只要我还有墨水，就能把事情记得非常准确。

16.但是墨水用完以后，我就办不到了，因为我想尽办法还是制造不出墨水来。

17.尽管我收罗了这么多东西，还是缺少许多，比如墨水，还有用来挖土或者运土的铲子、鹤嘴锄、铁锨，以及针线。51.至于内衣之类虽然缺乏，但我很快就习惯了。

18.没有工具，干什么都困难重重。

19.我几乎花了一年工夫才完全布置好我那个用栅栏围起来的小小的住所。

20.那些尖桩或者圆桩沉得很我要使出全力才举得起来。

21.我花了好长的时间才砍下那些木材，并且在林子里加工好，再花上更长的时间把它们运回家。

22.也就是说我需要花两天时间砍成一根木桩并运回来，在第三天才把它打进地里。

23.我最初用一根很沉的木棒打桩，后来想到了用铁撬棒打。58.尽管如此，打起桩来还是很费劲，而且非常麻烦。

24.但是，我既然不得不干这活儿，又有的是时间，有什么必要介意呢？

25.这活儿要是干完了的话，除了在岛上转悠，寻找吃的以外，那我也没有其他的事可干了。

26.我现在开始认真考虑我的处境。

27.我一一记下我经历的事情，并不是想把自身的遭遇传给后人看，而是要把一直紫系在我心头、不断折磨着我的想法吐露出来。

28.我的理智现在已经逐渐能够控制我的丧心情，我开始尽可能地安慰自己，把我遇到的凶险和幸运作个对比，使自己能够心平气和。

29.我按照商业簿记中借方和贷方的格式，如实记录了我所遇到的幸与不幸；

坏处

1.我被抛弃在一座可怕的荒岛上，没有重见天日的希望。66.我被单独剔出来，与世隔绝，受尽苦难

2.我被从人类中分离出来，成为一个孤独的人。

3.我没有衣服穿。

4.我没有任何防御力量或者手段来抵抗人或野兽的侵袭。70.没有人可以同我说话，或者宽慰我。

好处

1.但是我还活着，没有像我的伙伴们一样被淹死。

2.但是，我也免于死亡，而船上其他人员都已丧命。

3.但是，我在这片荒芜的土地上既没有挨饿，也没有奄奄待毙。

4.但是，我身处热带，即使有衣服也不用穿。

5.但是，在这里我看不见会伤害我的野兽，在非洲海岸上我却看见过。

6.要是我的船在那儿倾覆，该怎么办呢？

7.但是，船漂到了离岸很近的地方，我取出了很多必需品，有些甚至够我用一辈子。

30.总的说来，这是世界上少有的叫人受尽折磨的处境，但是其也有一些值得宽慰的东西。

31.这场世界上苦难最深重的经历告诉世人在困境中，我们可以把好处和坏处对照起来看，并且从中找到一些东西来宽慰自己。

32.现在，我对自己的处境稍稍有了一点儿焉知非福的想法，我不再远眺大海，一心想看到船的踪影了。

33.我着手调整我的生活方式，尽我可能把一切安排得舒舒服服。

Robinson Crusoe (Excerpt)

1. Once upon a time, there was an Englishman named Robinson who loved sailing and adventure. He traveled to many places around the world, encountered many dangers, but was not afraid and hoped to explore every corner of the earth.

2. Once, Robinson set sail for Africa. On the way, a strong wind damaged the ship severely. His companions died in the sea while escaping on small boats, but he was washed ashore on an island by the waves.

3. This was a nameless, uninhabited desert island, covered with wild rocks and grass. He was tired and hungry and thought: how could he survive in such a place?

4. When the tide receded, Robinson saw that the big ship was still floating on the sea, not far from the shore.

5. He found some wood to make a raft and rowed to the ship.

6. In the cabin, Robinson found many useful and edible things and gradually moved them to the shore.

7. A dog and two cats, which hadn't drowned, stayed with him, giving him some comfort in his desolation.

8. Robinson explored the island and chose a place on a hillside with a water source, where he could defend against wild animals. He used wood and sailcloth to set up a simple tent.

9. From there, he could see the sea and hoped to spot passing ships to call for rescue.

10. Robinson settled on the island and lived a lonely life.

11. The food from the ship was decreasing, so he had to find a way to survive.

12. Every day, he either took a gun and his dog to hunt in the forest or went fishing by the sea. He also started raising goats.

13. Eventually, he had a herd of goats, allowing him to drink goat milk and eat goat meat regularly.

14. Among the items Robinson brought from the ship was some wheat. After being nibbled by mice, he casually scattered the seeds on the ground, which later sprouted, and eventually produced ears of grain.

15. By repeatedly planting and harvesting these grains, he finally ate his own grown food by the fourth year.

16. Many years passed.

17. One day, Robinson suddenly discovered a human footprint on the beach.

18. He was terrified, thinking it must have been left by nearby savages.

19. Worried that these savages would come to eat him, he densely planted branches for defense in the open space in front of his dwelling and separated his goats into several enclosures.

20. He lived in this anxious state for another two years.

21. Later, Robinson saw traces of fires and scattered human bones left by savages again, which made him think of their brutal feasts.

22. In fear, Robinson began to consider how to deal with the savages if they appeared.

23. A few years later, Robinson saw more than thirty savages coming ashore in small boats one day.

24. They dragged out two captives, killing one, while the other struggled and escaped.

25. The escapee ran towards Robinson’s dwelling.

26. Determined to save this savage, Robinson shot and killed the two pursuers.

27. He named the rescued savage "Friday."

28. "Friday" quickly became his good helper. They happily lived on the island, expanded the planting area, built several more goat pens, and dried many raisins.

29. Robinson almost forgot his desire to return to England and civilized society.

30. One morning, "Friday" woke Robinson up, revealing that a British ship was anchored nearby.

31. Robinson discovered a mutiny on board, and the sailors had kidnapped the captain.

32. Robinson and "Friday" rescued the captain, who gladly promised to take them back to England.

33. After spending twenty-eight years on the desert island, Robinson finally returned to England.

Excerpt

1. I am now in a sad, speechless living situation, perhaps unprecedented in the world.

2. But I must accept this life and go on day by day.

3. By my estimation, I landed on this deserted island on September 30.

4. It was around the autumn equinox, and the sun was directly overhead, so I guessed I was at 9 degrees 22 minutes north latitude.

5. After staying on the island for eleven or twelve days, I suddenly realized that without a notebook, pen, and ink, I would be unable to keep track of days or distinguish between rest days and workdays.

6. To avoid this, I carved some words on a large wooden pole with a knife and made it into a large cross, erecting it at my landing site. It said: “I landed here on September 30, 1659.”

7. On the side of this pole, I carved a notch with a knife every day, making every seventh notch twice as long, and every first notch of the month even longer, thus creating a calendar.

8. I made several trips to the ship and retrieved many items.

9. Some things, although not valuable, were very useful to me, such as pens, ink, and paper. Among the captain, chief mate, gunner, and carpenter’s belongings, I found several packages, three or four compasses, several mathematical instruments, sundials, telescopes, maps, and nautical books.

10. I piled them all together for future use.

11. Additionally, our ship had a dog and two cats.

12. I brought the two cats ashore, and as for the dog, it followed me ashore on the second day after I brought the first batch of goods. For many years, it remained my faithful servant.

13. I didn’t expect it to fetch things for me or keep me company, but I needed it to talk to me, which it couldn’t do.

14. After finding pens, ink, and paper, I saved them as much as possible.

15. As long as I had ink, I could keep accurate records.

16. But when the ink ran out, I couldn’t make more despite trying every method.

17. Although I had gathered so many things, I still lacked many essentials, such as ink, tools for digging or moving soil like shovels, picks, and spades, and sewing needles. As for underwear and such, though lacking, I quickly got used to it.

18. Without tools, everything was difficult.

19. It took me almost a year to fully set up my small fenced residence.

20. Those stakes and poles were heavy, and I had to use all my strength to lift them.

21. It took a long time to cut down the wood in the forest and even longer to bring it home.

22. It took me two days to cut down one stake and bring it back, and on the third day, I would drive it into the ground.

23. At first, I used a heavy wooden stick to drive stakes, then I thought of using an iron crowbar. Even so, driving stakes was very strenuous and troublesome.

24. But since I had to do the work and had plenty of time, why should I mind?

25. Once the work was done, apart from wandering the island in search of food, I had nothing else to do.

26. I now began to seriously consider my situation.

27. I recorded my experiences not to show them to others but to express my thoughts, which constantly tormented me.

28. My reason gradually began to control my despair, and I started comforting myself as much as possible, comparing my dangers and blessings to calm myself.

29. I honestly recorded the good and bad things that happened to me in the format of commercial bookkeeping.

   Cons:

   1. I was abandoned on a terrible desert island with no hope of seeing the light of day again. I was isolated from the world and suffered immensely.

   2. I was separated from humanity, becoming a solitary person.

   3. I had no clothes to wear.

   4. I had no means or tools to defend myself against people or wild animals. No one to talk to or comfort me.

   Pros:

   1. But I was still alive, unlike my companions who drowned.

   2. I survived, while the others on the ship perished.

   3. In this desolate land, I wasn’t starving or dying of hunger.

   4. I was in a tropical area, so I didn’t need clothes.

   5. Here, I didn’t see animals that could harm me, unlike on the African coast where I did.

   6. What would I do if my ship had wrecked there?

   7. But the ship drifted close to the shore, allowing me to retrieve many essentials, some enough to last a lifetime.

30. Overall, this is one of the rarest and most torturous situations in the world, but there are some consolations.

31. This intense suffering teaches people that in difficult times, we can compare good and bad things to find comfort.

32. Now, I began to see a slight blessing in my situation. I stopped looking out to sea, hoping to see a ship.

33. I started to adjust my lifestyle and make everything as comfortable as possible.