12.世界十大新闻（848）

一、政治与国际关系

In politics and international relations, Trump was elected as the President of the United States, expanding the membership of the BRICS countries, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol was impeached, and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz lost the trust of the parliament.

在政治与国际关系方面，特朗普当选美国总统，金砖国家扩员，韩国总统尹锡悦被弹劾，德国总理朔尔茨失去议会信任。

二、军事与冲突

In military and conflict, the Russia-Ukraine conflict continued, the situation in Syria abruptly changed, and the Israel-Palestine conflict escalated.

在军事与冲突方面，俄乌冲突持续，叙利亚局势突变，巴以冲突升级。

三、经济与金融

In economy and finance, the Federal Reserve cut interest rates, leading to a significant appreciation of the US dollar and a sharp decline in almost all major currencies against the dollar.

在经济与金融方面，美联储降息导致美元大幅升值，全球几乎所有主要货币相对于美元都大幅下跌。

四、科技与创新

In technology and innovation, significant breakthroughs were made in global scientific and technological fields, and AI safety issues attracted global attention.

在科技与创新方面，全球科技领域取得重大突破，AI安全问题引发全球关注。

五、社会与环境

In society and environment, extreme disasters occurred frequently worldwide, and the field of global public health faced new challenges.

在社会与环境方面，全球极端灾害频发，全球公共卫生领域面临新的挑战。

The summer of 2024 emerged as the hottest on record, with global warming leading to an increased frequency of disasters such as heatwaves, droughts, and deadly floods. For instance, southern Brazil was hit by consecutive days of torrential rain, causing significant casualties. Over 1.8 million Muslims faced extreme heat during the hajj in Mecca, resulting in a substantial number of deaths. Unusually intense rainy seasons in West and Central Africa triggered humanitarian crises.

2024年夏天是地球有记录以来最热的夏天，全球暖化导致热浪、干旱和致命洪水等灾害频发。例如，巴西南部遭连日暴雨袭击造成重大人员伤亡；逾180万穆斯林在麦加朝觐过程中遭遇高温天气导致大量死亡；非洲西部和中部出现不寻常密集雨季引发人道危机等。

In 2024, the global technology landscape witnessed a bipolar structure dominated by China and the United States, marking the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Specific achievements include: John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their contributions to artificial neural networks and machine learning; Google developed the "Willow" quantum computing chip; China successfully launched the Chang'e-5 probe and achieved automatic return of lunar samples to Earth; SpaceX's Starship conducted four orbital test flights; significant progress was made in human trials of brain-computer interface technology; the Human Cell Atlas Project completed its first draft; and large AI models continued to rapidly iterate and evolve globally.

2024年，全球科技领域出现中美两强格局，第四次工业革命来临。具体成果包括：约翰·霍普菲尔德和杰弗里·辛顿因在人工神经网络和机器学习领域的成就而获得诺贝尔物理奖；谷歌研制出“Willow”量子计算芯片；中国成功发射嫦娥五号探测器，并实现月球样品自动返回地球；SpaceX星舰进行四次轨道试飞；脑机接口技术在人体试验方面取得重要进展；人类细胞图谱项目完成了第一份草图；全球人工智能大模型继续快速迭代进化等。