第10课

 10   传统美德  源远流长

             Traditional virtues have a long history

自强不息的人格修养

Self improvement of personality cultivation

一个民族,没有振奋的精神和高尚的品格,不可能屹立于世界民族之林。

A nation, without inspiring spirit and noble character, can not stand in the forest of nations in the world.

中华民族在自己的发展历程中所形成的代代传承的美德,深深熔铸在我们伟大的民族精神之中。

The virtues inherited from generation to generation formed by the Chinese nation in its own development are deeply rooted in our great national spirit.

不懈追求人格修养的提高是中华传统美德的突出特点,如注重明志、崇尚气节、讲究诚信等。

Unremitting pursuit of the improvement of personality cultivation is the outstanding characteristics of traditional Chinese virtues, such as paying attention to ambition, advocating integrity, paying attention to honesty and so on.

明志就是确立志向。

Mingzhi is to establish ambition.

在向理想彼岸的远航中,只有不畏艰险、不断进取的人才能体验到成功的喜悦,而明志是为激流勇进的人生注入的第一推动力。

In the long voyage to the other side of the ideal, only those who are not afraid of difficulties and dangers and keep forging ahead can experience the joy of success, and Mingzhi is the first driving force for the brave life.

阅读角

Reading corner

乘长风破万里浪

Ride the long wind to break the waves

宗悫(que)是南北朝时著名将领,他少年时就有着远大的志向。

As a famous general in the northern and Southern Dynasties, he had great ambition when he was young.

一次,他的叔叔问他长大后做什么,他说:“愿乘长风破万里浪!”宗的回答表现出一种豪迈气概,今他的叔叔惊叹不已。

Once, when his uncle asked him what he would do when he grew up, he said, "I'd like to ride the long wind and break the waves!" Zong's reply showed a kind of heroic spirit, and his uncle was amazed.

“有志者事竟成。”

"Where there is a will, there is a way."

明朝思想家王阳明说“志不立,天下无可成之事。”

Wang Yangming, a thinker of the Ming Dynasty, said, "if you don't have a will, there will be nothing in the world."

说一说你自己的志向或理想,你是否在坚定不移地朝着它前进?

Talk about your own ambition or ideal. Are you moving towards it unswervingly?

气节指志气和节操,往往表现为坚持正义,在民族危急关头或强大压力面前不屈服的精神。

Integrity refers to ambition and moral integrity, which is often manifested as the spirit of upholding justice and not yielding in the face of national crisis or strong pressure.

气节是以廉耻之心为基础的,没有廉耻,就不能坚持道德原则。

Integrity is based on honesty and shame. Without honesty and shame, we can not adhere to moral principles.

阅读角

Reading corner

苏武牧羊

Suwu Shepherd

汉武帝时,苏武出使匈奴。

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Su Wu sent envoys to Xiongnu.

当他即将完成任务时,发生了变故,匈奴首领遇迫他投降。

When he was about to finish his task, something happened and the Hun leader forced him to surrender.

苏武对下属说:“我是汉朝使者,如果丧失气节、违背使命,还有什么脸面回国呢?”

Su Wu said to his subordinates, "I am an emissary of the Han Dynasty. If I lose my integrity and go against my mission, what face will I have to go back to China?"

后来,匈奴将苏武流放到荒无人烟的北海边去放单没有粮食的时候,他就吃草根等充饥,但他一直没有屈服。

Later, the Xiongnu exiled suwu to the desolate north coast. When there was no food, he ate grass roots to satisfy his hunger, but he never gave in.

等到匈奴准许苏武回国时,他已经在淘奴受了19年的磨难,胡须、头发都变白了。

When the Hun allowed suwu to return to China, he had been suffering from the slavery for 19 years, and his beard and hair turned white.

富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈

——《孟子.滕文公下》

Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be subdued——Mencius: Teng Wengong II

时穷节乃见,一一垂丹青

——文天祥《正气歌》

When the poor Festival is to see, one by one hanging Danqing——Wen Tianxiang's Zhengqi song

《苏武牧羊》

Suwu Shepherd

诚信既是一个人的立身之本,也是一个民族、国家的生存之基。

Honesty is not only the foundation of a person, but also the foundation of a nation and country.

“失信不立”是亘古不变的人生哲理。

It is an eternal philosophy of life to "lose one's faith and not establish oneself".

阅读角

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范式赴约

Keep an appointment

东汉时,范式与张劭同在京城洛阳读书,结下深厚的友谊。

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he studied with Zhang Shao in Luoyang, the capital city, and formed a deep friendship.

学业结束了,二人分别时,范式对张劭说:“两年后我去看望你的父母和孩子。”

At the end of their studies, when they parted, they said to Zhang Shao, "I'll visit your parents and children in two years."

然后他们约定好了日期。

Then they set a date.

约定的日期快到了,张劭请母亲准备接待范式。

The appointed date is coming. Zhang Shao asks his mother to prepare for the reception.

母亲说:“这是两年前的约定了,况且我们两家相隔千里,你怎么可以当真呢?”

Mother said: "this is an agreement two years ago. Besides, our two families are thousands of miles apart. How can you take it seriously?"

张说:“范式是个守信用的人,他一定不会失约的。”到了约定的那一天,范式果然赶到了。

"He is a man of his word, and he will never break his promise," Zhang said On the appointed day, I arrived.

活动园

Activity Park

人的言论应该以诚信为本，符合名实一致、言行一致、表里一致的要求。

People's speech should be based on good faith, in line with the requirements of consistency of name and reality, words and deeds, and appearance and interior.

名实一致,是说言论要与事实相符;言行一致,是说言论要与行动相符;表里一致,是说嘴里说的要与心里想的相符,不能口是心非。

The consistency of name and reality means that the speech should be consistent with the facts; The consistency of words and deeds means that words should be consistent with actions; Consistency between the outside and the inside means that what you say in your mouth should be consistent with what you think in your heart, instead of right and wrong.

回顾近期的生活想一想,在名实一致言行一致。表里一致这三方面,你在哪方面做到了,哪方面没做到。

Looking back on the recent life, think about it, in the name and reality are consistent, words and deeds are consistent. In these three aspects, where did you do it and where didn't you do it.

如果没做到,分析一下原因。

If not, analyze the reasons.

相关链接

Related links

轻诺必寡信

—《老子》第六十三章

A light promise is a light oneChapter 63 of Laozi

人而无信，不知其可也。

《论语·为政》

If a man has no faith, he does not know what he can do.The Analects of Confucius for politics

求新是人格修养不可或缺的一部分。

Innovation is an indispensable part of personality cultivation.

求新就要与时俱进。没有求新,个人就不能发展,社会就不会进步。

We must keep pace with the times to seek innovation. Without innovation, the individual cannot develop and the society cannot progress.

求新精神体现了中华文化中积极进取、奋发向上的品质

The spirit of innovation embodies the positive and enterprising quality of Chinese culture

阅读角

Reading corner

胡服骑射

learn from other 's merits

战国时期,赵国和北方的少数民族之间战事频繁。

During the Warring States period, there were frequent wars between Zhao and the northern minorities.

由于传统的战车,战袍很笨重,赵国常常打败仗。

Because of the traditional chariots and heavy robes, the state of Zhao was often defeated.

赵武灵王从少数民族军队穿着简便合体的衣服骑马作战中受到启发,下令军人改穿像少数民族那样的服装,并学习骑马射箭。

Inspired by the fact that the army of ethnic minorities wore simple and suitable clothes to fight on horseback, King Zhao Wuling ordered the soldiers to wear clothes like those of ethnic minorities and learn to ride and shoot arrows.

一些守旧人士以“古道”“古法”的名义反对,赵武灵王说:“古今的习俗不同,我们要效仿古代哪个时期的习俗呢?”他坚决贯彻新法,终于使赵国强大起来。

Some conservatives objected in the name of "ancient way" and "ancient law". King Wuling of Zhao said, "the customs of ancient and modern times are different. Which period of ancient customs should we follow?" He resolutely carried out the new law and finally made Zhao Guoqiang strong.

相关链接

Related links

终日乾乾,与时偕行。

《周易.乾.文言》

All day long, go with the times.Zhou Yi. Qian. Classical Chinese

日新之谓盛德。

《周易·系辞上》

Rixin is called Shengde.The book of changes

人格修养离不开学习和实践。

Personality cultivation is inseparable from learning and practice.

好学善学、学以致用、知行合一是古人崇尚的精神境界

It is the spirit of the ancients to be eager to learn, to be good at learning, to apply learning and to combine knowledge with practice

活动园

Activity Park

敏而好学,不耻下问。

《论语·公冶长》

He is quick and eager to learn.Analects of Confucius gongyechang

学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。

《论语.为政》

Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous.Analects of Confucius. For politics

士虽有学,而行为本焉。

《墨子.修身》

Although scholars have learning, they should take action as the foundation.Mozi. Self cultivation

对照格言,反思一下自己的学习态度和学习方法,说说自己获得的启示。

According to the maxim, reflect on your learning attitude and learning methods, and talk about the enlightenment you have gained.

在崇尚人格修养的文化精神浸润下,中华民族产生了一代代品行高洁的人士。

Under the infiltration of the cultural spirit of advocating personality cultivation, the Chinese nation has produced generations of people with noble conduct.

他们的伟大人格始终是后人前进的路标。

Their great personality has always been the road sign for future generations.

活动园

Activity Park

请将下列格言与它们的大意连线,并说说这些格言对你的启示。

Please connect the following maxims with their main idea, and tell us what these maxims have inspired you.

格言

motto

天行健,君子以自强不息《周易·乾.象》

Heaven is healthy, and a gentleman is constantly striving for self-improvement

见善则迁,有过则改《周易.益.象》

If you see good things, you will move; if you have bad ones, you will change Zhouyi. Yi. Xiang

胜人者有力,自胜者强

《老子》第三十三章

He who wins is strong, and he who wins is strongChapter 33 of Laozi

大意

General idea

能够战胜别人是有力量的表现,但能够战胜自己才算是强者。

Being able to defeat others is a powerful performance, but being able to defeat oneself is a strong one.

天体运行刚健不息，有才德的人应该像天梯运行那样永不懈怠。

The movement of celestial bodies is vigorous, and the talented and virtuous people should never slack off like the ladder.

见到好人好事就努力学习有了错误就马上改正。

Study hard when you see good people and good things, and correct mistakes immediately.

立己达人的仁爱精神

The spirit of benevolence

孔子说:“己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人。”

Confucius said, "if you want to establish yourself, you will establish yourself, and if you want to achieve yourself, you will reach others."

在自己谋求生存与发展的同时,也要帮助他人生存与发展,这就是传统美德中“立己达人”的仁爱精神。

While seeking for survival and development, we should also help others to survive and develop, which is the benevolence spirit of "self-reliance and self-cultivation".

阅读角

Reading corner

孔子的仁爱思想

Confucius' Benevolence Thought

“仁”是中国古代伟大思想家、儒家学派的创始人孔子的核心思想。

"Benevolence" is the core thought of Confucius, the great thinker and founder of Confucianism in ancient China.

“仁”所盖的内容十分广泛其核心是“爱人”,即倡导人与人之间的亲善关系孔子认为。

"Benevolence" covers a wide range of contents, and its core is "love", that is, to advocate the friendly relationship between people.

自下而上都能仁爱遵礼,社会才能稳定人民才能安居乐业他一再强调,践行“仁德”,不是能力问题,而是态度问题。

From the bottom up, the society can be stable and the people can live and work in peace and contentment. He repeatedly stressed that the practice of "benevolence" is not a matter of ability, but of attitude.

有一次,孔子家的马赢失火了他知道后,首先关切地问有没有人受伤。

Once upon a time, Confucius' Ma Ying caught fire. When he knew about it, he first asked with concern if anyone was injured.

还有一次,孔子去齐国,路过泰山,舜见一个女在以前痛哭。

Another time, when Confucius went to the state of Qi and passed by Mount Tai, Shun saw a woman crying bitterly before.

他学生去询问原来,残的统治得她全家背井离涉来到这里。

His students went to inquire about the fact that the remnant's rule led her family to come here.

不久,她的亲人相继被老虎咬死，即使这样,仍不意返回故多孔子听后感叹道:“残暴的统治比老虎还厉害呀!?这两个故事都充分体现孔子所追求的“仁”的精神。

After a while, her relatives were killed by tigers one after another. Even so, they still didn't want to return. Therefore, Confucius sighed: "the cruel rule is more powerful than tigers!"!? These two stories fully embody the spirit of "benevolence" pursued by Confucius.

孔子像

Confucius statue

活动园

Activity Park

孔子曾用“所不欲,勿施于人”来解释“仁”。

Confucius once explained "benevolence" with "do not do to others what you do not want.".

这句话的大意是:自己不喜欢的事,不要强加在别人身上。请按照这一说法,填充下题。

Don't impose on others what you don't like. Please fill in the following questions according to this statement.

我不愿意别人欺负我,我也不

I don't want to be bullied and I don't want to be bullied

我不愿意——我也不谈论别人的隐私

I don't want to - I don't talk about other people's privacy

我不愿意——我也不—

I don't want to - and I don't want to -

阅读角

Reading corner

将心比心

feel for others

南北朝时,有个叫陆慧晓的人。

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a man named Lu huixiao.

他学识渊博,品德高尚,在当时地位显陆慧晓一向平易近人,从不摆大人物的架子即使地位低下的人来访,他也会起身相送。

Lu huixiao was always approachable and never put on the airs of a big man. Even when people of low status visited, he would stand up to see them off.

有人对陆慧晓说:“您的身份这么高贵,没必要这样做。”

Someone said to Lu huixiao: "your status is so noble, there is no need to do so."

陆慧晓答道:“我平生最厌恶别人对我无礼,我怎么能用自己所厌恶的行为去对待别人呢?

Lu huixiao replied: "I hate people being rude to me most in my life. How can I treat others with behaviors I hate?

宽容是仁爱之心的重要表现。

Tolerance is an important manifestation of benevolence.

古人强调要严于律己、宽以待人,认为做到这一点,人与人之间就可以减少摩擦、增进和睦。

The ancients stressed that we should be strict with ourselves and lenient with others. They believed that by doing this, we can reduce friction and enhance harmony between people.

阅读角

Reading corner

朱冲还牛

Zhu Chong returns cattle

晋朝时有个人叫未冲,他小时候十分好学但家境贫寒,靠种田为生。

In the Jin Dynasty, there was a man named weichong. He was very studious when he was a child, but his family was poor and depended on farming for a living.

村子里有一家人,三番五次地把牛赶到朱冲家的地里食庄稼。

There was a family in the village who repeatedly drove the cattle to Zhu Chong's field to eat crops.

朱冲多次带上草料,连啃食他家庄稼的牛,一起送到那户人家去那家主人很渐愧,再也不让牛去吃朱冲家的庄稼了。

Zhu Chong brought fodder many times, and even the cattle that ate his family's crops were sent to that family. The owner of that family was gradually ashamed, and would never let the cattle eat Zhu Chong's crops again.

活动园

Activity Park

宽则得众《论语.阳货》

The Analects of Confucius. Yang Huo

【大意】待人宽厚就会得到众人的拥护。

Treat others leniently and you will win the support of the public.

对照格言,结合班级生活、学校生活和社会生活中的具体事例,说说待人宽容的意义。

Compared with the maxim, combined with specific examples in class life, school life and social life, this paper talks about the significance of treating people with tolerance.

发扬仁爱精神要推已及人。

To carry forward the spirit of benevolence, it is necessary to push others.

尊敬自己家里的长辈,从而推广到尊敬别人家里的长辈;爱护自己家里的儿女,从而推广到爱护别人家里的儿女。

Respect for their own family elders, so as to promote respect for other people's family elders; Take good care of your own children, so as to promote to take good care of other people's children.

阅读角

Reading corner

杜环侍老

Du Huanshi

明朝时有个人叫杜环,为人厚道善良有一个常老太太,因为家境败落,投靠杜环。

In the Ming Dynasty, there was a man named Du Huan, who was kind and kind-hearted. There was an old lady Chang who took refuge in Du Huan because her family was in decline.

杜环的家境也不富裕,但他毫不犹豫地表示要奉养她。

Du Huan's family is not rich, but he did not hesitate to support her.

杜环告诚家人,不要因为常老太太处境艰难就轻视、怠慢她。常老太太患病杜环亲自为她煎药,照料她服下。

Du Huan tells Cheng's family not to despise or neglect old lady Chang just because she is in a difficult situation. When old lady Chang was ill, Du Huan personally prepared medicine for her and took care of her.

常老太太去世后,杜环还常到她的墓前祭奠。

After the death of Mrs. Chang, Du Huan often went to her grave to hold a memorial ceremony.

老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼。

《孟子梁惠王上》

Old me old, and old people; I am young, and I am young.Mencius, King Hui of Liang

这种仁爱之心推广到极致,