当下的力量 4

Instead of "watching the thinker," you can also create a gap in the mind stream simply by directing the focus of your attention into the Now. Just become intensely conscious of the present moment. This is a deeply satisfying thing to do. In this way, you draw consciousness away from mind activity and create a gap of no-mind in which you are highly alert and aware but not thinking. This is the essence of meditation.

In your everyday life, you can practice this by taking any routine activity that normally is only a means to an end and giving it your fullest attention, so that it becomes an end in itself. For example, every time you walk up and down the stairs in your house or place of work, pay close attention to every step, every movement, even your breathing. Be totally present. Or when you wash your hands, pay attention to all the sense perceptions associated with the activity: the sound and feel of the water, the movement of your hands, the scent of the soap, and so on. Or when you get into your car, after you close the door, pause for a few seconds and observe the flow of your breath. Become aware of a silent but powerful sense of presence. There is one certain criterion by which you can measure your success in this practice: the degree of peace that you feel within.

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So the single most vital step on your journey toward enlightenment is this: learn to disidentify from your mind. Every time you create a gap in the stream of mind, the light of your consciousness grows stronger.

One day you may catch yourself smiling at the voice in your head, as you would smile at the antics of a child. This means that you no longer take the content of your mind all that seriously, as your sense of self does not depend on it.

ENLIGHTENMENT: RISING ABOVE THOUGHT

Isn't thinking essential in order to survive in this world?

Your mind is an instrument, a tool. It is there to be used for a specific task, and when the task is completed, you lay it down. As it is, I would say about 8o to 90 percent of most people's thinking is not only repetitive and useless, but because of its dysfunctional and often negative nature, much of it is also harmful. Observe your mind and you will find this to be true. It causes a serious leakage of vital energy.

This kind of compulsive thinking is actually an addiction. What characterizes an addiction? Quite simply this: you no longer feel that you have the choice to stop. It seems stronger than you. It also gives you a false sense of pleasure, pleasure that invariably turns into pain.

Why should we be addicted to thinking?

Because you are identified with it, which means that you derive your sense of self from the content and activity of your mind. Because you believe that you would cease to be if you stopped thinking. As you grow up, you form a mental image of who you are, based on your personal and cultural conditioning. We may call this phantom self the ego. It consists of mind activity and can only be kept going through constant thinking. The term ego means different things to different people, but when I use it here it means a false self, created by unconscious identification with the mind.

To the ego, the present moment hardly exists. Only past and future are considered important. This total reversal of the truth accounts for the fact that in the ego mode the mind is so dysfunctional. It is always concerned with keeping the past alive, because without it — who are you? It constantly projects itself into the future to ensure its continued survival and to seek some kind of release or fulfillment there. It says: "One day, when this, that, or the other happens, I am going to be okay, happy, at peace." Even when the ego seems to be concerned with the present, it is not the present that it sees: It misperceives it completely because it looks at it through the eyes of the past. Or it reduces the present to a means to an end, an end that always lies in the mind-projected future. Observe your mind and you'll see that this is how it works.

The present moment holds the key to liberation. But you cannot find the present moment as long as you are your mind.

I don't want to lose my ability to analyze and discriminate. I wouldn't mind learning to think more clearly, in a more focused way, but I don't want to lose my mind. The gift of thought is the most precious thing we have. Without it, we would just be another species of animal.

The predominance of mind is no more than a stage in the evolution of consciousness. We need to go on to the next stage now as a matter of urgency; otherwise, we will be destroyed by the mind, which has grown into a monster. I will talk about this in more detail later. Thinking and consciousness are not synonymous. Thinking is only a small aspect of consciousness. Thought cannot exist without consciousness, but consciousness does not need thought.

Enlightenment means rising above thought, not filling back to a level below thought, the level of an animal or a plant. In the enlightened state, you still use your thinking mind when needed, but in a much more focused and effective way than before. You use it mostly for practical purposes, but you are free of the involuntary internal dialogue, and there is inner stillness. When you do use your mind, and particularly when a creative solution is needed, you oscillate every few minutes or so between thought and stillness, between mind and no-mind. No-mind is consciousness without thought. Only in that way is it possible to think creatively, because only in that way does thought have any real power. Thought alone, when it is no longer connected with the much vaster realm of consciousness, quickly becomes barren, insane, destructive.

 The mind is essentially a survival machine. Attack and defense against other minds, gathering, storing, and analyzing information — this is what it is good at, but it is not at all creative. All true artists, whether they know it or not, create from a place of no-mind, from inner stillness. The mind then gives form to the creative impulse or insight. Even the great scientists have reported that their creative breakthroughs came at a time of mental quietude. The surprising result of a nation-wide inquiry among America's most eminent mathematicians, including Einstein, to find out their working methods, was that thinking "plays only a subordinate part in the brief, decisive phase of the creative act itself." So I would say that the simple reason why the majority of scientists are not creative is not because they don't know how to think but because they don't know how to stop thinking!

  It wasn't through the mind, through thinking, that the miracle that is life on earth or your body were created and are being sustained. There is clearly an intelligence at work that is far greater than the mind. How can a single human cell measuring 1/1,000 of an inch across contain instructions within its DNA that would fill 1,000 books of 600 pages each? The more we learn about the workings of the body, the more we realize just how vast is the intelligence at work within it and how little we know. When the mind reconnects with that, it becomes a most wonderful tool. It then serves something greater than itself.

除了“观察思考者”之外，你还可以通过将你的注意力集中在当下这一刻，从而在思维中创造那种空白。就是全神贯注于当下的时刻。这是一件非常值得去做的事情。通过这种方式，你可以将意识从思维活动中引开，并创造一种无思维的空白。在这种空白中，你高度警惕，注意力高度集中，但是你没有在思考。这就是冥想的本质。

在你的日常生活中，你可通过任何日常活动来练习这种方法， 比如，每次你在家中或办公室上下楼梯时，你每一步、每一刻，甚至每一次呼吸时都全神贯注，完全集中你的注意力。或者当你洗手时，关注与洗手有关的所有感觉：水的声音和感觉、手的运动、肥皂的香味等。或者在你上车时，关闭车门后，停顿几秒钟并观察你的呼吸。觉察到那个宁静且强而有力的临在。有一个标准可以用来衡量你的练习是否成功：你内在所感觉到的平和的程度。

所以迈向开悟之途最为关键的一步是：从对思维的认同中摆脱出来。每次，当你在思维中创造空白时，你的意识就会变得更强。

某天，你可能会发现你在冲着你大脑中的声音微笑，就像你冲着孩子调皮的动作微笑一样。这意味着你不再认真地对待你思维的内容，因为你的自我意识不再依赖于它。

超越你的思维

难道思维对于我们在这个世界上的生存来说不是最为关键的吗？

你的大脑只是一个工具。它是被用来处理特殊任务的，当这个任务完成时，你就让它处于休止状态。因此可以说，人们80%~90%的思维不仅是重复的，而且是无用的，甚至由于思维的运作障碍和消极的本质，大部分思维都是有害的。如果你观察你的思维，你就会发现这是真的。这还导致了你生命能量的严重损耗。

实际上这种强迫性的思维是一种上瘾症。上瘾症的特点是什么？非常简单：你没法选择停止，它甚至比你还强大。它同样给你一种错误的乐趣，而这种乐趣会最终变成痛苦。

我们为什么会对思维上瘾呢？

因为你认同思维，就是说，你从思维的内容和活动中获取自我的感觉，因为你认为，如果你停止思维活动，你将不复存在。随着你逐渐长大，在你个人和文化环境的制约下，你在脑海中勾勒出了自己的形象。我们不妨把这个虚幻的自我称为“小我”。小我由思维活动组成，只有不断地进行思考它才能存活。“小我”这个词对不同的人来说有不同的含义，但是在这里，我所指的是虚假的自我，它是我们无意识地认同于思维而产生的。

对于小我来说，当下时刻几乎不存在，只有过去和未来才是重要的——完全颠倒是非。这是因为，当我们的大脑由小我掌控时，它是功能失调的。小我尽力使过去发生的事情复活，因为如果没有过去，你将会是谁？它还不断地把自己投射到未来，以确保它能继续存活，并且在未来寻找某种慰藉或满足。它会说：“某天，当这个、那个或其他的事情发生时，我就会很好、很幸福，也很平和。”即使当小我看似在关切当下时，它所关切的也不是眼前的当下，因为小我看待当下的方式完全错误——它是以过去的眼光来看的。或者它把当下作为达成未来目的的手段，而这个目的，始终存在于思维所投射出的未来。观察你的思维，你就会看到小我的这种运作方式。

当下时刻就是解脱的关键。但是，只要你认同你的思维，你就难以找到当下。

我不希望丧失分析以及辨别事物的能力。我不介意学习如何更清晰地思考问题，但我不愿失去我的大脑。思维是我们所拥有的最为贵重的天赋。没有了它，我们将沦为一种动物。

思维的优势不过是意识演化过程中的一个阶段。我们现在就需要向下一个阶段迈进，否则，我们将会被已经演变成怪兽的大脑毁灭了。在下面的章节里我将会对此做详尽的讨论。思维和意识不是同义词，思维只是意识的一小部分。如果没有意识，思维将不复存在，但是意识的存在不需要思维。

开悟意味着超越思维，而不是下降到思维之下属于动物或植物的层面。在开悟的状态中，必要时你还是会运用你的思维，但是运用思维的方式会更为集中、更有效率。你主要为实际的目的而运用思维，但是你会从不自主的自我对话中解放出来，享有内在的宁静。当你利用你的思维时，尤其当你需要一个创造性的解决方案时，你会在思维和静止之间、思维和无念之间徘徊。无念是有意识但没有思维。只有在这种方式下，你才有可能进行创造性的思考，因为只有在这种方式下，思维才有真正的力量。当思维与意识失去联系时，思维会快速地枯竭、变得病态和具有破坏性。

思维在本质上是一种求生的机器。攻击、防范其他的思维，收集、储藏和分析信息——这是它所擅长的，但是这些不具有创造性。所有真正的艺术家，不管他们是否知道，都是在无念的、内在宁静的状态下进行创作。即使最伟大的科学家都声称他们的创造性突破来自无念状态。对美国最著名的科学家（包括爱因斯坦在内）的调查令人吃惊，调查结果显示，“在那个短暂的、决定性的创造本身的过程中，思维只起到了小部分的作用”。所以我可以说，绝大部分人不具有创造性，不是因为他们不懂得如何去使用思维，而是他们不懂得如何停止思维。

身体或生命的奇迹不是通过思维来创造和得以维持的。很明显，有一种比思维更重要的智慧在起作用。一个长度只有1/1 000英寸的人类细胞，它的DNA里包含的指令足以填满1 000本、每本有600页的书，这是如何做到的呢？我们对身体的工作原理了解得越多，我们就会越多地认识到在它之内运作的智力是多么伟大，而我们对它的了解又是多么少。当思维与智力联结起来时，它将会变成一个多么伟大的工具。