新高级阅读前（双语）29（823）

PASSAGE TWENTY-NINE

Overlearning

1.Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.

2.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.

3.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.

4.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

5.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

6.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them.

7.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

8.The multiplication tables are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

9.The law of overlearning explains why cramming for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.

10.By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.

11.A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development.

第二十九篇

过度学习

1.成年人常常会惊讶于他们对儿时学到但从那时起就没有练习过的东西的记忆是如此之好。

2.一个多年没有机会去游泳的人，当他回到水里时，仍然能游得和以前一样好。

3.他可以在许多年后骑上自行车，仍然骑着走。他和他儿子一样会接球和击球。

4.一位多年不思考这些词的母亲可以教她的女儿一首以“一闪，一闪，亮晶晶”开头的诗，或者记住灰姑娘或金凤花姑娘和三只熊的故事。

5.一种解释是过度学习定律，它可以表述如下:一旦我们学了一些东西，额外的学习尝试会增加我们记住它的时间。

6.在童年时期，我们通常在学会游泳、骑自行车和打棒球很久之后还继续练习这些技能。

7.我们继续听，并提醒自己“一闪，一闪，亮晶晶”之类的词语，以及《灰姑娘》和《金发姑娘》等童年故事。我们不仅学习，而且过度学习。

8.我们很快就会忘记在学校里学过的东西，乘法表是这一普遍规律的一个例外，因为它们是我们在童年时期过度学习的另一种东西。

9.过度学习定律解释了为什么为了考试而死记硬背虽然可以通过考试，但并不是一种令人满意的学习大学课程的方式。

10.通过死记硬背，一个学生也许能很好地掌握一门学科，从而通过考试，但他很可能很快就把学过的几乎所有东西都忘记了。

        11.另一方面，一点点的过度学习对一个人的未来发展是非常必要的。