1. Understanding Sensors

Concept Explanation:
A sensor is a device that detects changes in the environment and converts physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, light, or motion into electrical signals. Sensors are integral to modern technology and are widely used in various applications, from industrial automation to everyday consumer electronics.

Types of Sensors:
- Temperature Sensors: Measure temperature by converting thermal energy into an electrical signal.
- Pressure Sensors: Detect pressure changes and convert them into an electrical output.
- Light Sensors: Measure light intensity and are used in devices like cameras and smartphones.
- Motion Sensors: Detect movement and are used in security systems and automatic doors.

Example Problem:
Explain how a light sensor in a smartphone works.

Solution:
A light sensor in a smartphone typically uses a photodiode, which converts light into an electrical current. When light hits the photodiode, it generates a current proportional to the light intensity. This signal is processed by the smartphone to adjust the screen brightness automatically based on ambient light conditions.