5.2 Radioactive Decay of Elements

5.2 Radioactive Decay of Elements

Explanation:

Radioactive decay is the spontaneous process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves. This process can result in the transformation of one element into another. Common types of radioactive decay include alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay.

Key Concepts:

• Alpha Decay: The nucleus emits an alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons).
• Beta Decay: A neutron is converted into a proton with the emission of a beta particle (electron or positron).
• Gamma Decay: The nucleus releases energy in the form of gamma radiation without changing its composition.

Example Problem:

Problem: A sample of Radium-226 undergoes alpha decay. Identify the resulting element and its atomic number.

Solution:

• Radium-226 emits an alpha particle, reducing its atomic number by 2 (88 to 86) and its mass number by 4 (226 to 222).
• The resulting element is Radon-222.