Unit 4第四单元 8 Technological development for the benefit of mankind8 科技发展造福人类 1.The continuous exploration of the world对世界的不断探索 2.Before the 16th century, Europeans believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that the sun, moon and other planets revolved around it.人们对世界的认识是一个漫长的过程。16世纪之前，欧洲人认为地球是宇宙的中心，而太阳、月球及其他星球都围绕地球旋转。 3.A group of insightful people did not blindly follow the authority or superstitious dogma, but even sacrificed their lives for the pursuit of truth and adherence to it.一批有识之士不盲从权威、不迷信教条，为追求真理、坚持真理，甚至不惜牺牲生命。 Activity Garden活动园 1.The Polish scientist Copernicus was a brave and strong-willed man. 波兰科学家哥白尼是一个勇敢且意志坚强的人。He proposed the "heliocentric theory" based on the astronomical observations and calculations of his predecessors. 他根据前人的天文观察和推算，提出了“日心说”。 2."The publication of the heliocentric theory broke the bondage of the geocentric theory and changed mankind's understanding of the universe, which is of epoch-making significance in the history of science.“日心说”的发表冲破了“地心说”的束缚，改变了人类对宇宙的认识，在科学发展史上具有划时代意义。 3.Copernicus哥白尼 Italian scientist Galileo built an astronomical telescope and observed many strange landscapes invisible to the naked eye, proving the new astronomical theory. 意大利科学家伽利略制作了一台天文望远镜，观测到许多肉眼看不到的奇异景观，证明了新天文学说。 4.Galileo was condemned and judged by the Church. The Church told him to abandon his doctrine, but he still insisted on the new astronomy theory and was imprisoned for life.伽利略遭到教会的谴责和审判。教会要他放弃学说，但他仍坚持新天文学说，因此遭到终身监禁。 5.Galileo and the telescope he made伽利略及其制作的望远镜 6.What kind of spirit did Copernicus and Galileo show in their pursuit of truth?哥白尼和伽利略在追求真理的过程中表现出了怎样的精神？ 7.In the early and late 15th century, the world experienced two great voyages - Zheng He's voyage to the West in China and Columbus' voyage in Europe.15世纪初期和末期，世界曾经历了两次伟大航行－中国的郑和下西洋和欧洲的哥伦布航海。 8.After that, some other navigators also actively opened up new routes. The opening of new routes strengthened the connection between continents, broadened people's horizons, and promoted the spread of human civilization.之后，其他一些航海家也积极开辟新的航线。新航路的开辟加强了各个大陆之间的联系，开阔了人们的眼界，促进了人类文明的传播。 Activity Park活动园 1.Which famous navigators do you know? Collect relevant information and tell their stories. 你知道哪些著名的航海家？收集相关资料，说说他们的故事。 2.From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He led a fleet of ships to the West seven times. 1405-1433年，郑和率船队七次下西洋。 3.Zheng He's fleet adopted the most advanced ocean navigation technology in the world at that time, which could accurately determine the navigation area, route and ship position, and effectively use the monsoon and ocean currents for navigation.郑和的船队采用了当时世界上最先进的远洋航海技术，能够准确地测定航区、航线和船位，有效利用季风、洋流进行航行。 Zheng He 4.From 1519 to 1522, Magellan's fleet achieved the first human voyage around the Earth, ending the controversy between the earth's level, place and roundness and confirming that the Earth is a sphere.郑和1519-1522年，麦哲伦的船队首次实现了人类环绕地球一周的航行，结束了地平、地方与地圆的争论，证实了地球是一个球体。 Magellan 5.Human beings have been deepening their knowledge of themselves while understanding the natural world. In the mid-19th century, Darwin proposed the theory of evolution, which changed the way humans viewed nature and themselves. 麦哲伦 人类在认识自然界的同时，也在不断深化对自身的认识。关于人的起源这个问题，有不同的说法。19世纪中叶，达尔文提出“进化论”，改变了人类对自然界和人类自身的看法。 6..Darwin达尔文 Technology changed the world科技改变世界 Scientific discoveries and technological inventions have driven the progress of human society, changing the way humans produce and live.科学发现和技术发明推动了人类社会的进步，不断地改变着人类的生产与生活方式。 Reading Corner阅读角 More than 200 years ago, the improvement of the steam engine ended the history of using only human, animal, wind and water power. 200多年前，蒸汽机的改进，结束了人们只能使用人力、畜力、风力和水力的历史。 The new power provided by the steam engine greatly contributed to the development of production and life.蒸汽机提供的新动力，极大地促进了生产、生活的发展。 3.Human society thus entered the era of great machine industry. 人类社会由此进入机器大工业时代。 4.Steam engine (model)蒸汽机（模型） 5.More than 100 years ago, electricity gradually replaced steam power as the main motive power for mass production by machines. 100多年前，电力逐步取代蒸汽动力，成为机器大生产的主要动力。 6.Human society crossed from the era of the first industrial revolution marked by steam to the era of the second industrial revolution marked by electricity.人类社会由以蒸汽为标志的第一次工业革命时代跨入以电力为标志的第二次工业革命时代。 7.The tram in the 19th century19世纪的有轨电车 8.In the 1940s and 1950s, mankind made major breakthroughs in the fields of atomic energy, computers, space technology and bioengineering, which greatly improved mankind's ability to understand and utilize nature and the level of social productivity.进入20世纪四五十年代后，人类在原子能、计算机、航天技术和生物工程等领域取得了重大突破，极大提高了人类认识自然、利用自然的能力和社会生产力水平。 9.Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the atom原子内部结构示意图 10.The scientific inventions and creations of mankind marked the civilization and progress of society.人类的科学发明与创造标志着社会的文明和进步。 Activity Park活动园 1.The steam engine was invented and widely used.蒸汽机发明后得到了广泛应用。 2.With the following materials, please explain how scientific inventions and applications have contributed to the development of society.请结合以下材料，说说科学发明与应用是如何推动社会发展的。 3.Applications of the steam engine蒸汽机的应用 4.Trains火车 5.Early textile workshops早期的纺织车间 6.Mining industry采矿业 Reading corner阅读角 1.Thomas Edison and the electric light bulb爱迪生与电灯泡 2.Edison was born in an ordinary American family and had only three months of formal education, but he was diligent and took every opportunity to learn science on his own.爱迪生出生在美国一个普通家庭，只受过三个月的正规教育，但是他勤奋好学，利用一切机会自学科学知识。 3.In the development of electric lamps, in order to find a durable filament, he had tried cotton thread, wood, straw, hemp rope, horsehair, beard and other materials, experienced numerous failures. 1879, Edison successfully developed a durable incandescent light bulb.在研制电灯时，为了寻找耐用的灯丝，他曾经试用了棉线、木条、稻草、麻绳、马鬃、胡须等多种材料，经历了无数次失败。1879年，爱迪生成功研制出耐用的白炽灯泡。 4.Later, he built power plants and set up power grids, allowing more and more people to use electric lights.后来，他又建设发电厂，架设电网，让越来越多的人用上了电灯。 5.Edison's invention of the electric light bulb爱迪生发明的电灯泡 6.What do you learn from Edison's story? 从爱迪生的故事中，你受到了哪些启发？ 7.In addition, what other scientists' stories do you know and share them with your classmates? 此外，你还知道哪些科学家的故事，和同学分享一下。 8.At present, the development of information technology has greatly changed the way people live, study and work.当前，信息技术的发展大大改变了人们的生活、学习和工作方式， 9.Internet technology has created a new platform for us to publish information, read news reports, entertain and communicate.互联网技术为我们创造了发布信息、阅读新闻报道、娱乐、交流的新平台。 10.Mobile payment移动支付 11.Intelligent robots sorting packages智能机器人在分拣包裹 12.Internet Education网络教育 13.What are the other impacts of Internet technology on people's work and life?互联网技术对人们的工作、生活还有哪些影响？ Activity Park活动园 14.In recent years, China has vigorously implemented the innovation-driven development strategy and achieved fruitful results, with major scientific and technological achievements such as the Tiangong, Jiaolong, the Eye in the Sky, Wukong, Mozi and the big airplane coming out one after another.近年来，我国大力实施创新驱动发展战略，取得了丰硕的成果，天宫、蛟龙、天眼、悟空、墨子、大飞机等重大科技成果相继问世。 15.Please choose one of them, find relevant information, describe its achievement and tell the story behind it.请选择其中一项，查找相关资料，描述其成就，并说一说其背后的故事。 16.China's Eye of Heaven is the world's largest spherical radio telescope in terms of aperture, and I would like to learn more about it.我国的天眼是世界上口径最大的球面射电望远镜，我想查找这方面的资料，进一步了解一下。 17. Eye of Heaven天眼 18.The development of science and technology has brought rapid changes to people's production and life. 科学技术的发展给人们的生产、生活带了日新月异的变化。 19.While people enjoy the achievements of science and technology, they also encounter many new troubles.人们在享受科学技术成果的同时，也遇到许多新的烦恼。 20.Pesticides can also cause pollution to soil, water and crops while eliminating weeds.农药在除灭草的同时，也会对土填、水、农作物造成污染。 21.Electronic products bring us convenience at the same time, but also brings the pollution of the environment of electronic waste.电子产品在给我们带来方便的同时，也带来了污染环境的电子垃圾。 22.Look for similar examples around you and tell us what troubles science and technology have brought to people.找一找身边类似的例子，说说科学技术给人们带来了哪些烦恼。 23.How to reduce the troubles brought by science and technology, so that science and technology can better serve mankind, not only need the moral self-discipline of scientists, but also need to regulate the application of science and technology through legal constraints, common agreement, public supervision and other methods.如何减少科技带来的烦恼，让科技更好地为人类服务，不仅需要科学家的道德自律，还需要通过法律约束、共同约定、公众监督等办法对科技应用进行规范。 24.Science needs more public participation. The public can participate in the development of science and technology policies through online surveys. 科学需要更多的公众参与。公众可以通过网络调查参与科技政策的研制。 Related Links 相关链接 1.Article 29 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Scientific and Technological Progress 《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》第二十九条 2.The state prohibits scientific and technological research and development activities that endanger national security, harm the public interest, endanger human health, or violate ethics and morality. 国家禁止危害国家安全、损害社会公共利益、危害人体健康、违反伦理道德的科学技术研究开发活动。 3.The development of science and technology has changed the world. 科技的发展改变了世界。 4.People should make good use of science and technology to make it better for the benefit of mankind.人们要善用科技，让科技更好地为人类造福。 5.Technology makes dreams come true科技让梦想成真 6.Humans once dreamed of flying in the sky like birds, but today, manned spaceships have been traveling in space;人类曾经梦想能像鸟儿那样在天空中飞翔，今天，载人飞船已经在太空遨游； 7.humans once dreamed of swimming in the water like fish, but today, diving technology has enabled us to go deep into the sea人类曾经梦想能像鱼儿那样在水中畅游，今天，潜水技术已经能让我们深入海底 8.------ Technology has made dreams become reality.······科技让梦想变成了现实。 Activity Park 活动园 1.Man's exploration of flight 人类对飞行的探索 2.In 1783, French physicist Charles achieved the first manned flight of a hydrogen balloon. 1783年，法国物理学家查理实现了氢气球的首次载人飞行。 3.In 1903, an airplane developed by the Wright brothers in the United States was successfully test flown. 1903年，美国莱特兄弟研制的飞机试飞成功。 4.In 1969, American astronaut Armstrong landed on the moon. 1969年，美国宇航员阿姆斯特朗登上月球。 5.In 2014, the lander carried by the European Space Agency's Comet Probe successfully landed on a comet.2014年，欧洲航天局的彗星探测器所搭载的登陆器在彗星上成功登陆。 6.Humanity explores in the wider space- . . . . . .人类在更广阔的空间探索·. . . . . . 7.What do you feel from the journey of human "flying"?从人类“飞天”的历程中，你感受到了什么？ Reading Corner阅读角 1.China's Dream of Spaceflight中国的航天梦 2.On April 24, 1970, China's first artificial Earth satellite "Dongfanghong No. 1" was successfully launched, which kicked off the prelude of Chinese people exploring the mysteries of the universe and the peaceful use of space for the benefit of mankind.我国航天事业从无到有、从小到大、从弱到强，以扎实的步伐和不懈的努力，把航天梦写到外太空。1970年4月24日，我国第一颗人造地球卫星“东方红一号”成功发射，拉开了中国人探索宇宙奥秘、和平利用大空、造福人类的序幕。 3.Rocket development, manned spaceflight, Chang'e lunar exploration, space rendezvous and docking, navigation satellite global group with------- China's space industry has made world-renowned achievements.火箭研制、载人航天、嫦娥探月、空间交会对接、导航卫星全球组同·······中国航天事业取得了举世瞩目的成就。 4.Nowadays, space technology has been widely used in various fields of national economy and social development, such as radio and television, communication, weather forecasting, land census, ocean observation, navigation and positioning, disaster prevention and mitigation, remote education, agricultural production and environmental monitoring.如今，航天技术已广泛应用到广播电视、通信、气象预报、国土普查、海洋观测、导航定位、防灾减灾、远程教育、农业生产、环境监测等国民经济和社会发展的各个领域。 5.Chinese astronauts walking in space中国宇航员在太空漫步 6.The colorful world inspires the endless dreams of human beings. 多姿多彩的世界，激发着人类无穷的梦想。 7.To realize the dream, more people are needed to learn scientific knowledge, promote scientific spirit and spread scientific ideas. 为实现梦想，需要更多的人学习科学知识，弘扬科学精神，传播科学思想。 Activity Garden活动园 1.We should speak science, love science, learn science and use science from childhood, so that science and technology can help us turn our dreams into reality and make the world a better place!我们应从小讲科学、爱科学、学科学、用科学，让科技帮助我们将梦想变成现实，让世界更美好！ 2.What science activities have you participated in?你参加过哪些科普活动？ 3.What have you gained?有哪些收获？ 4.When I visited the exhibition of "Science and Technology Week", the achievements of China's space industry opened my eyes and aroused my interest in space science and technology.在参观“科技活动周”的展览时，我国航天事业的成就令我大开眼界，激发了我对航天科技的兴趣。 5.Since 2001, China has designated the third week of May every year as "Science and Technology Activities Week".我国从2001年开始，把每年5月的第三周定为“科技活动周”。It has become a national popular science activity with wide social influence and popularity. 它已经成为一项具有广泛社会影响、深受人们喜爱的全国性科普活动。 |
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